Approximately 1,000 people in the United States were fatally shot by police officers during 2018, and people with mental illness were involved in approximately 25 percent of those fatalities. Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training is a specialized police curriculum that aims to reduce the risk of serious injury or death during an emergency interaction between persons with mental illness and police officers. CIT has been implemented widely both nationally and internationally. Given the increasing resources devoted to CIT, efforts to analyze its effectiveness and outcomes relative to other approaches are important. Studies of CIT and similar interventions are found within both the mental health and the criminal justice arenas, which use very different terminologies, approaches, and outcome studies, rendering unified analyses challenging. This article describes the CIT model and reviews several recent systematic analyses of studies concerning the effects of CIT. Studies generally support that CIT has beneficial officer-level outcomes, such as officer satisfaction and self-perception of a reduction in use of force. CIT also likely leads to prebooking diversion from jails to psychiatric facilities. There is little evidence in the peer-reviewed literature, however, that shows CIT's benefits on objective measures of arrests, officer injury, citizen injury, or use of force.

中文翻译：

---

警察危机干预培训计划的有效性。

在2018年期间，美国约有1,000人被警察致命射击，其中约25％的人患有精神疾病。危机干预小组（CIT）培训是专门的警察课程，旨在降低精神病患者与警官之间紧急互动期间的严重伤害或死亡风险。CIT已在国内和国际上广泛实施。鉴于用于CIT的资源越来越多，相对于其他方法来分析其有效性和结果的努力非常重要。在精神卫生和刑事司法领域都发现了CIT和类似干预措施的研究，它们使用非常不同的术语，方法和结果研究，从而使统一分析具有挑战性。本文介绍了CIT模型，并回顾了一些有关CIT影响的最新系统分析。研究通常支持CIT具有有益的军官水平成果，例如军官满意度和减少使用武力的自我感觉。CIT还可能导致预订前从监狱转移到精神病院。但是，在经过同行评审的文献中，几乎没有证据表明CIT在逮捕，人员受伤，公民受伤或使用武力等客观措施方面的好处。CIT还可能导致预订前从监狱转移到精神病院。但是，在经过同行评审的文献中，几乎没有证据表明CIT在逮捕，人员受伤，公民受伤或使用武力等客观措施方面的优势。CIT还可能导致预订前从监狱转移到精神病院。但是，在经过同行评审的文献中，几乎没有证据表明CIT在逮捕，人员受伤，公民受伤或使用武力等客观措施方面的优势。