Adversity is associated with psychopathology that is consequent upon disruptions in brain structure, function and connectivity. The hippocampus is a key stress-sensitive structure, whose volumes are reduced, and whose development is disrupted by adversity1 . But, up to two-thirds (65.7%) of adversity-exposed individuals exhibit positive adaptation or 'resilience'2 , and although mechanisms underpinning adversity-predicated resilience are not well understood, they likely include hippocampal volumetric changes. Indeed, the few studies of resilience in the context of adversity, have revealed inconsistent findings of both larger and smaller hippocampal volumes3 . These discrepancies may be related to a number of factors including age, gender, number, type, duration and intensity of adversity. To minimise the source of discrepant findings, we focused on a specific developmental stage, namely adolescence and gender (female) as well as type of adversity (emotional trauma comprising of emotional abuse and neglect). Therefore, in this exploratory study we posit an intriguing time-dependent association of emotional-trauma predicated resilience and hippocampal volumes as a potential mechanism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

---

遭受情绪创伤的少女的海马体积和恢复力

逆境与大脑结构、功能和连通性中断所导致的精神病理学有关。海马体是一个关键的压力敏感结构，其体积减少，其发育受到逆境干扰1。但是，多达三分之二 (65.7%) 的逆境暴露个体表现出积极的适应或“复原力”2，虽然支持逆境预测复原力的机制尚不清楚，但它们可能包括海马体积的变化。事实上，少数在逆境中的弹性研究揭示了较大和较小海马体积的不一致发现。这些差异可能与许多因素有关，包括年龄、性别、数量、类型、持续时间和逆境强度。为了最大限度地减少差异结果的来源，我们专注于特定的发展阶段，即青春期和性别（女性）以及逆境类型（包括情感虐待和忽视的情感创伤）。因此，在这项探索性研究中，我们假设情绪创伤预测的弹性和海马体积之间存在有趣的时间依赖性关联作为潜在机制。本文受版权保护。版权所有。