In each cell, the hierarchical organisation of the ∼2m DNA fibre ensures different nuclear functions, particularly proper gene expression. Chromosomes are non-randomly positioned occupying specific chromosome territories in the 3D nuclear space and circumventing several nuclear landmarks the Nuclear Envelope with embedded Nuclear Pore Complexes, Splicing Speckles, PML bodies and many others. At a higher level of organisation, similarly regulated chromatin regions cluster together in so called Topologically Associated Domains, TADs, while on a smaller scale, DNA sequences wrapped around histones dictate binding of transcription factors or inhibitors that determine the level of chromatin compaction. As intracellular pathogens, viruses explore different cellular structures and functions to either promote their lytic infection or control the latent state of their replication cycles. Here we highlight the most recent discoveries on how different levels of nuclear architecture and genome are exploited by various human viruses.

中文翻译：

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用病毒在核中导航。

在每个细胞中，〜2m DNA纤维的层次结构确保了不同的核功能，尤其是适当的基因表达。染色体位于3D核空间的特定染色体区域中，并且随机分布，并绕过带有嵌入核孔复合体，拼接斑点，PML体和许多其他物体的几个核标志。在较高的组织水平上，受类似调节的染色质区域聚集在所谓的拓扑相关域TAD中，而在较小的规模上，包裹在组蛋白周围的DNA序列决定了转录因子或抑制剂的结合，从而决定了染色质紧密性的水平。作为细胞内的病原体 病毒探索不同的细胞结构和功能，以促进其裂解性感染或控制其复制周期的潜在状态。在这里，我们重点介绍了各种人类病毒如何利用不同级别的核结构和基因组的最新发现。