As an essential feature of three-dimensional (3D) genome organization, compartmentalization of chromatin in the nucleus is tightly linked to various chromatin activities. Recent work on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which drives the formation of miscellaneous membrane-less compartments in cells, suggests that it is a critical aspect of chromatin compartmentalization. In this review, we provide an overview of recent work in the animal field that focuses on understanding how LLPS is involved in 3D chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation. By combining scattered information in 3D plant genomics, we attempt to interpret some known plant chromatin organization patterns in the context of LLPS. Moreover, we discuss and speculate factors that can undergo phase separation to modulate chromatin structure and gene expression in plants.

中文翻译：

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液-液相分离对植物染色质组织和转录控制的影响。

作为三维（3D）基因组组织的基本特征，核内染色质的分隔与各种染色质活性紧密相关。液相-液相分离（LLPS）的最新工作推动了细胞中无膜杂类隔室的形成，这是染色质分隔的关键方面。在本文中，我们概述了动物领域的最新工作，重点是了解LLPS如何参与3D染色质的组织和转录调控。通过在3D植物基因组学中结合分散的信息，我们尝试在LLPS的背景下解释一些已知的植物染色质组织模式。此外，我们讨论并推测了可能发生相分离以调节植物中染色质结构和基因表达的因素。