Over the last decade, our understanding of how the genome is packaged in three dimension within the nucleus has grown considerably. This is largely due to advances in high-throughput genomics assays to study higher order chromatin organization. Our knowledge of the structures adopted by the chromatin has far preceded our understanding of function and mechanism. An outstanding question has been how are such structures established. Recently, a suite of genomics assays has been adapted for low-input material, making it possible to apply them to the pre-implantation mammalian embryo. For the first time, chromatin topology and associations with the nuclear lamina have been described in the earliest stages of murine development. These studies have revealed the dynamics with which higher-order chromatin architecture is established in vivo. Additionally, they have yielded some intriguing findings that will pave the way for futures studies into the mechanisms underlying the establishment of three dimensional genome organization. Here, we discuss findings on how embryonic chromatin is dynamically organized within the nucleus throughout preimplantation development, and the outline a number of outstanding questions that will be exciting to address in the future.

中文翻译：

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早期哺乳动物胚胎中的基因组激活和结构。

在过去的十年中，我们对基因组如何在核内三维包装的理解有了很大提高。这很大程度上是由于高通量基因组学检测技术在研究高级染色质组织方面的进展。我们对染色质所采用的结构的了解远远超过了我们对功能和机理的了解。一个悬而未决的问题是如何建立这样的结构。最近，一套基因组学检测方法已经适用于低投入材料，从而有可能将其应用于植入前的哺乳动物胚胎。首次在鼠类发育的早期阶段就描述了染色质拓扑及其与核层的联系。这些研究揭示了在体内建立高级染色质体系的动力学。另外，他们得出了一些有趣的发现，这些发现将为建立三维基因组组织基础的机制的未来研究铺平道路。在这里，我们讨论有关胚胎染色质如何在整个植入前发育过程中在细胞核内动态组织的发现，并概述了许多悬而未决的问题，这些问题将在未来引起人们的兴趣。