From the dynamic interphase genome to compacted mitotic chromosomes, DNA is organized by the conserved SMC complexes cohesin and condensin. The picture is emerging that these complexes structure the genome through a shared basic principle that involves the formation and processive enlargement of chromatin loops. This appears to be an asymmetric process, in which the complex anchors at the base of a loop and then enlarges the loop in a one-sided manner. We discuss the latest insights into how ATPase-driven conformational changes within these complexes may enlarge loops, and consider how asymmetric DNA reeling can bring together genomic elements in a symmetric manner.

中文翻译：

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SMC复合体形成的环：转头，弯肘和固定锚。

从动态相间基因组到紧凑的有丝分裂染色体，DNA由保守的SMC复合物粘着蛋白和凝集素组织。这些复合物通过共享的基本原理构成基因组的图谱，涉及染色质环的形成和进行性扩增。这似乎是一个不对称过程，其中，复数锚定在回路的底部，然后以单面方式扩大回路。我们讨论了有关这些复合物中ATPase驱动的构象变化如何扩大环的最新见解，并考虑了非对称DNA卷取如何以对称方式将基因组元件整合在一起。