This study focused on identifying bladder cancer (BC)-associated genes, transcription factors (TFs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Two microarray data sets GSE37815 and GSE40355 were utilized to screen common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with BC. Then, functional enrichment analysis was performed for elucidating the involved functions of DEGs. Subsequently, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and submodule of PPI network were analyzed. Finally, the regulation relationships of TF–DEGs and miRNA–DEGs were obtained to construct miRNA–target–TF regulatory network. DEGs were identified across BC and normal bladder tissues samples. Functional enrichment analysis results showed that most upregulated DEGs were closely associated with the Gene Ontology function of “mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint” and pathway of “Cell cycle,” whereas most downregulated DEGs were significantly associated with “Complement and coagulation cascades” pathway (e.g., A2M and F13A1) and “Ras signaling pathway” (e.g., GNG11). DEGs such as F13A1 and A2M were highlighted in the PPI network and Submodule 1. In addition, three centromere-associated CENPK, CENPF, and CENPO were enriched in Submodule 2. Moreover, miR-519d had high degree in the regulatory network and CENPO was predicted to be one target of miR-519d. The upregulated CENPK, CENPF, and CENPO, and downregulated A2M, F13A1, and GNG11 might contribute to the progression of BC. In addition, the downregulated miR-519d might lead to the development of BC by upregulating the expression of CENPO. However, future investigation of those findings should be needed.

中文翻译：

---

膀胱癌基因表达分析：有丝分裂和补体以及凝血级联信号通路的可能参与。

这项研究的重点是识别膀胱癌 (BC) 相关基因、转录因子 (TF) 和微 RNA (miRNA)。两个微阵列数据集 GSE37815 和 GSE40355 用于筛选与 BC 相关的常见差异表达基因 (DEG)。然后，进行功能富集分析以阐明 DEG 的相关功能。随后，分析了蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络和PPI网络的子模块。最后，获得TF-DEGs和miRNA-DEGs的调控关系，构建miRNA-target-TF调控网络。在 BC 和正常膀胱组织样本中鉴定了 DEG。功能富集分析结果表明，大多数上调的DEG与“有丝分裂纺锤体组装检查点”的基因本体功能和“细胞周期、A2M和F13A1）和“Ras 信号通路”（例如，GNG11）。DEGS如F13A1和A2M的PPI网络和子模块1中。另外，三个着丝粒相关的在中强调CENPK，CENPF，和CENPO在子模块2。此外富集，的miR-519D具有高程度的调控网络中和CENPO是预测为 miR-519d 的一个靶点。上调CENPK、CENPF和CENPO，下调A2M、F13A1和GNG11可能有助于 BC 的进展。此外，下调的 miR-519d 可能通过上调CENPO的表达导致 BC 的发展。然而，未来应该对这些发现进行调查。