The skeleton is the largest mammalian organ system, containing a myriad of blood vessels, tissue surfaces and bone cells for bacterial colonization. Although rock-like, the skeleton is a dynamic structure that is undergoing constant remodelling. This is the result of the opposing actions of two key cells: the osteoblast, which produces bone, and the osteoclast, a multinucleate cell that 'eats' bone. It is not generally realized that the most prevalent chronic bacterial diseases of Homo sapiens afflict the skeleton. Several pathogens, and members of the normal microbiota, have evolved specific cellular and molecular mechanisms for invading bone, including its cellular constituents. The host cellular pathways that are activated and lead to destruction or loss of the bone matrix will be described.

中文翻译：

---

艰苦的劳动：骨骼的细菌感染。

骨骼是最大的哺乳动物器官系统，包含无数的血管，组织表面和用于细菌定殖的骨细胞。尽管骨架很像岩石，但它是一个不断进行重塑的动态结构。这是两个关键细胞相反作用的结果：成骨细胞产生骨骼，而破骨细胞则是“吞噬”骨骼的多核细胞。人们普遍没有认识到智人最流行的慢性细菌性疾病困扰着骨骼。几种病原体和正常微生物群的成员已经进化出入侵骨的特定细胞和分子机制，包括其细胞成分。将描述被激活并导致骨基质破坏或丢失的宿主细胞途径。