Investigators use both in vitro and in vivo models to better understand infectious disease processes. Both models are extremely useful in research, but there exists a significant gap in complexity between the highly controlled reductionist in vitro systems and the largely undefined, but relevant variability encompassing in vivo animal models. In an effort to understand how Salmonella initiates disease at the intestinal epithelium, in vitro models have served a useful purpose in allowing investigators to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for Salmonella invasion of host cells and stimulation of host inflammatory responses. Identification of these molecular mechanisms has generated hypotheses that are now being tested using in vivo models. Translating the in vitro findings into the context of an animal model and subsequently to human disease remains a difficult challenge for any disease process.

中文翻译：

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将组织培养结果转化为动物模型：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。

研究人员使用体外和体内模型来更好地了解传染病过程。两种模型在研究中都非常有用，但在高度受控的还原剂体外系统与涵盖体内动物模型的很大程度上不确定但相关的可变性之间，存在复杂的差距。为了了解沙门氏菌是如何在肠道上皮引发疾病的，体外模型已经在使研究者识别沙门氏菌入侵宿主细胞和刺激宿主炎症反应的分子机制中发挥了有用的作用。这些分子机制的鉴定产生了假说，目前正在使用体内模型对其进行测试。