Every year, over 200 million adults are undergoing noncardiac surgery. These noncardiac surgery patients may face the risk of cardiac mortality and morbidity during the perioperative and recovery periods. Around ten million patients who underwent noncardiac surgery experience cardiac complications within the first 30 days of the postoperative period; the complications are myocardial infarction, cardiac death, and cardiac arrest. This cardiovascular risk is mostly faced by the patients having cerebrovascular or cardiac disease and the patients with the age greater than 50 years. Monitoring and treating cardiac diseases with a suitable biomarker during the perioperative period is necessary for the early recovery of noncardiac surgery patients. This review discussed the risk factors and the key guidelines to avoid the cardiovascular risks during the perioperative period of noncardiac surgery patients. In addition, the biomarkers and identification strategies for cardiac diseases are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

非心脏手术患者的围手术期心血管疾病诊断。

每年，有超过2亿成年人接受非心脏手术。这些非心脏手术患者在围手术期和恢复期可能面临心脏死亡和发病的风险。大约一千万接受非心脏手术的患者在术后头30天内经历了心脏并发症。并发症是心肌梗塞，心脏死亡和心脏骤停。这种心血管疾病的风险主要由患有脑血管或心脏病的患者以及年龄大于50岁的患者面临。对于非心脏手术患者的早期康复，在围手术期用合适的生物标记物监测和治疗心脏病是必要的。这篇综述讨论了非心脏手术患者围手术期的危险因素和避免心血管危险的关键指南。此外，还讨论了心脏病的生物标志物和鉴定策略。