Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as an important pathophysiological feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation in PD might originate in the intestine and the bidirectional communication between the central and enteric nervous system, the so-called “gut-brain axis,” has received growing attention due to its contribution to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Diet targets mediators of inflammation with various mechanisms and combined with dopaminergic treatment can exert various beneficial effects in PD. Food-based therapies may favorably modulate gut microbiota composition and enhance the intestinal epithelial integrity or decrease the proinflammatory response by direct effects on immune cells. Diets rich in pre- and probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phenols including flavonoids, and vitamins, such as the Mediterranean diet or a plant-based diet, may attenuate chronic inflammation and positively influence PD symptoms and even progression of the disease. Dietary strategies should be encouraged in the context of a healthy lifestyle with physical activity, which also has neuroimmune-modifying properties. Thus, diet adaptation appears to be an effective additive, nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy that can attenuate the chronic inflammation implicated in PD, potentially slow down degeneration, and thereby modify the course of the disease. PD patients should be highly encouraged to adopt corresponding lifestyle modifications, in order to improve not only PD symptoms, but also general quality of life. Future research should focus on planning larger clinical trials with dietary interventions in PD in order to obtain hard evidence for the hypothesized beneficial effects.

中文翻译：

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帕金森病慢性炎症的非药物调节：饮食干预的作用。

神经炎症越来越被认为是帕金森病（PD）等神经退行性疾病的重要病理生理学特征。最近的证据表明，帕金森病的神经炎症可能起源于肠道，中枢神经系统和肠神经系统之间的双向通讯，即所谓的“肠-脑轴”，由于其对神经系统疾病发病机制的贡献而受到越来越多的关注。饮食以多种机制针对炎症介质，并与多巴胺能治疗相结合，可以对帕金森病发挥多种有益作用。基于食物的疗法可以通过直接影响免疫细胞来有利地调节肠道微生物群组成并增强肠上皮完整性或减少促炎反应。富含益生菌、多不饱和脂肪酸、酚类（包括类黄酮）和维生素的饮食（例如地中海饮食或植物性饮食）可能会减轻慢性炎症，并对帕金森病症状甚至疾病进展产生积极影响。应在健康的生活方式和体育活动的背景下鼓励饮食策略，体育活动也具有神经免疫调节特性。因此，饮食适应似乎是一种有效的附加非药物治疗策略，可以减轻与帕金森病有关的慢性炎症，可能减缓退化，从而改变病程。应高度鼓励帕金森病患者采取相应的生活方式改变，以改善帕金森病症状，并改善总体生活质量。未来的研究应侧重于规划更大规模的帕金森病饮食干预临床试验，以便为假设的有益效果获得确凿的证据。