This study investigated the effects of hierarchical cognitive training using the categorization program (CP), designed initially for adults with cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fifty-eight participants were included: a group of fifteen young adults with TBI (ages 18-48), another group of fifteen noninjured young adults (ages 18-50), and two groups of adults over 60 randomly assigned into the experimental group () or the control group (). Following neuropsychological testing, the two young adult groups and the experimental older adult group received the CP training for 10-12 weeks. The CP training consisted of 8 levels targeting concept formation, object categorization, and decision-making abilities. Two CP tests (administered before and after the training) and three probe tasks (administered at specified intervals during the training) assessed skills relating to categorization. All treated groups showed significant improvement in their categorization performance, although younger participants (with or without TBI) demonstrated greater gains. Gains on the categorization measures were maintained by a subgroup of older adults up to four months posttraining. Implications of these findings in terms of adult cognitive learning and directions for future research on adult cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation programs are discussed.

中文翻译：

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系统分类培训对健康的老年人和颅脑外伤成人认知能力的影响。

这项研究调查了使用分类程序（CP）进行分层认知训练的效果，该程序最初是为患有与脑外伤（TBI）相关的认知缺陷的成年人设计的。包括58名参与者：一组15名患有TBI的年轻成年人（18-48岁），另一组15名未受伤的年轻成年人（18-50岁）和两组60岁以上的成年人随机分配到实验组中（）或对照组（）。经过神经心理学测试后，两个年轻人组和实验性成年人组接受了10-12周的CP训练。CP培训包括8个级别，分别针对概念形成，对象分类和决策能力。两次CP测试（在培训之前和之后进行）和三个探针任务（在培训期间的指定间隔进行）评估了与分类相关的技能。尽管较年轻的参与者（有或没有TBI）表现出更大的获益，但所有治疗组的分类表现均显着改善。一个分类的老年人小组在培训后四个月内保持了分类措施的收益。