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U.S. obesity as delayed effect of excess sugar.
Economics & Human Biology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.100818
R Alexander Bentley 1 , Damian J Ruck 1 , Hillary N Fouts 2
Affiliation  

In the last century, U.S. diets were transformed, including the addition of sugars to industrially-processed foods. While excess sugar has often been implicated in the dramatic increase in U.S. adult obesity over the past 30 years, an unexplained question is why the increase in obesity took place many years after the increases in U.S. sugar consumption. To address this, here we explain adult obesity increase as the cumulative effect of increased sugar calories consumed over time. In our model, which uses annual data on U.S. sugar consumption as the input variable, each age cohort inherits the obesity rate in the previous year plus a simple function of the mean excess sugar consumed in the current year. This simple model replicates three aspects of the data: (a) the delayed timing and magnitude of the increase in average U.S. adult obesity (from about 15% in 1970 to almost 40% by 2015); (b) the increase of obesity rates by age group (reaching 47% obesity by age 50) for the year 2015 in a well-documented U.S. state; and (c) the pre-adult increase of obesity rates by several percent from 1988 to the mid-2000s, and subsequent modest decline in obesity rates among younger children since the mid-2000s. Under this model, the sharp rise in adult obesity after 1990 reflects the delayed effects of added sugar calories consumed among children of the 1970s and 1980s.

中文翻译:

美国肥胖是过量糖的延迟效应。

在上个世纪,美国的饮食方式发生了变化,包括在工业加工食品中添加了糖。在过去的30年中,过量糖分通常与美国成年人肥胖症的急剧增加有关,但一个无法解释的问题是,为什么肥胖症的增加发生在美国食糖消费量增加之后的很多年。为了解决这个问题,在这里我们解释成年肥胖的增加是随着时间的推移所消耗的糖热量增加的累积效应。在我们的模型中,该模型使用有关美国食糖消费的年度数据作为输入变量,每个年龄组都继承了前一年的肥胖率以及当年食糖平均过量消费的简单函数。这个简单的模型复制了数据的三个方面:(a)延迟的时间和美国平均水平上升的幅度 成人肥胖症(从1970年的15%到2015年的近40%);(b)在有据可查的美国各州,2015年肥胖率的上升趋势(到50岁,肥胖率达到47%);(c)从1988年到2000年代中期,成人肥胖率上升了百分之几,而自2000年代中期以来,年幼儿童的肥胖率随后有所下降。在这种模式下,1990年后成人肥胖率的急剧上升反映了1970年代和1980年代儿童所消耗的额外糖热量的延迟效应。自2000年代中期以来,年幼儿童的肥胖率略有下降。在这种模式下,1990年后成人肥胖率的急剧上升反映了1970年代和1980年代儿童所消耗的额外糖热量的延迟效应。自2000年代中期以来,年幼儿童的肥胖率随后有所下降。在这种模式下,1990年后成人肥胖率的急剧上升反映了1970年代和1980年代儿童所消耗的额外糖热量的延迟效应。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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