Molecular tools such as high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR) are useful for monitoring multiple infectious agents in wild animal populations (i.e., broad-based screening). If destructive tissue samples cannot be obtained due to experimental design requirements (e.g., bio-telemetry; holding with repeated biopsy) or the conservation status of host species, non-lethally sampled tissues can be substituted. However, infection profiles have been found to differ between non-lethally and destructively sampled tissues. We present a comparative analysis of two non-lethal (gill, blood) and one destructive (pool of internal and external) approach for broad-based infectious agent screening of adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Of a possible forty-seven agents, sixteen were detected overall. Results indicate moderate differences in infection profiles among tissues, with limitations of each tissue type relevant to the ecology of each agent. Gill was the most comprehensive screening tissue, as more infectious agents were detected overall in gill (16) than in blood (12) or multi-tissue pools (15). Agreement in estimated agent prevalence between tissue types ranged from poor to excellent, while overall agent community structure (combined prevalence of all agents) showed low agreement between tissue types. Two agents occurred at 100% prevalence in all tissue types. Nine agents, including bacteria and gill parasites, had higher prevalence in gill than blood, while five agents, including one virus and several microparasites, were better detected in blood. Future studies should pair microscopy and histopathology with HT-qPCR to better characterize host health and disease development relative to molecular detection of agents across tissue types. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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使用高通量 qPCR 的非致死性和破坏性方法对奇努克鲑鱼进行广泛的传染性病原体筛选的比较

高通量定量聚合酶链反应 (HT-qPCR) 等分子工具可用于监测野生动物种群中的多种传染源（即广泛筛查）。如果由于实验设计要求（例如，生物遥测；保持重复活检）或宿主物种的保护状态而无法获得破坏性组织样本，则可以替代非致死性组织样本。然而，已发现非致死性和破坏性采样组织的感染情况不同。我们对两种非致死性（鳃、血液）和一种破坏性（内部和外部池）方法进行了比较分析，用于对成年奇努克鲑鱼 (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) 进行广泛的传染源筛查。在可能的 47 个代理中，总共检测到 16 个。结果表明，组织之间的感染情况存在中等差异，每种组织类型的局限性与每种病原体的生态相关。鳃是最全面的筛查组织，因为在鳃 (16) 中检测到的感染因子比在血液 (12) 或多组织池 (15) 中检测到的要多。组织类型之间估计的代理流行率的一致性从差到极好，而整体代理社区结构（所有代理的组合流行率）显示组织类型之间的一致性较低。两种药物在所有组织类型中的发生率为 100%。包括细菌和鳃寄生虫在内的 9 种病原体在鳃中的流行率高于血液，而包括一种病毒和几种微寄生虫在内的 5 种病原体在血液中的检测率更高。未来的研究应该将显微镜和组织病理学与 HT-qPCR 配对，以更好地表征宿主健康和疾病发展，相对于跨组织类型的分子检测试剂。本文受版权保护。版权所有。