Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common and devastating form of dementia. It affects mainly older people, accounting for 50-80% of dementia cases. The age is the main associated risk factor and based on the onset age, early-onset (EOAD) or late-onset (LOAD) forms are distinguished. AD has a strong impact both on the life-style of patients and their families and on the society, due to the high costs related to social and medical care. So far, despite the great advances in understanding of the AD pathogenesis, there is no a cure for this form of dementia and current available treatments are limited to temporarily relieve symptoms. In this review, firstly we give an overview of the current knowledge of the genetic basis of both forms of AD with a particular emphasis on the insights in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of this disorder. Then we discuss the promising relevance of "omics sciences" and the open challenges of the application of Big Data in promoting precision medicine for AD.

中文翻译：

---

治疗阿尔茨海默氏病的新分子方法。

阿尔茨海默氏病是一种神经退行性疾病，是痴呆的最常见和破坏性形式。它主要影响老年人，占痴呆症病例的50-80％。年龄是主要的相关危险因素，根据发病年龄，可区分为早期发作（EOAD）或晚期发作（LOAD）形式。由于与社会和医疗保健相关的高昂费用，AD对患者及其家人的生活方式以及对社会都有重大影响。迄今为止，尽管在了解AD发病机理方面有了长足的进步，但尚不能治愈这种形式的痴呆，并且目前可用的治疗仅限于暂时缓解症状。在这篇评论中 首先，我们概述了这两种形式AD的遗传基础的当前知识，尤其着重于对这种疾病的致病机理的认识。然后，我们讨论了“组学科学”的广阔前景，以及大数据在推广用于AD的精准医学中的应用所面临的开放挑战。