Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, first arose as an important invasive pest of many crops during the 1970s-1980s. The tremendous growth in international agricultural trade that developed then fostered the invasiveness of western flower thrips. We examine current knowledge regarding the biology of western flower thrips, with an emphasis on characteristics that contribute to its invasiveness and pest status. Efforts to control this pest and the tospoviruses that it vectors with intensive insecticide applications have been unsuccessful and have created significant problems because of the development of resistance to numerous insecticides and associated outbreaks of secondary pests. We synthesize information on effective integrated management approaches for western flower thrips that have developed through research on its biology, behavior, and ecology. We further highlight emerging topics regarding the species status of western flower thrips, as well as its genetics, biology, and ecology that facilitate its use as a model study organism and will guide development of appropriate management practices.

中文翻译：

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入侵花蓟马的入侵生物学，生态学和管理。

西方花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis最早是在1970年代至1980年代间作为许多作物的重要入侵害虫而出现的。随后，国际农业贸易的迅猛发展促进了西方花卉蓟马的入侵。我们考察了有关西方花蓟马生物学的最新知识，重点介绍了有助于其入侵和害虫状况的特征。由于对多种杀虫剂产生了抗药性以及随之而来的继发性害虫的爆发，控制这种害虫及其在大量杀虫剂中携带的弓形病毒的努力一直没有成功，并产生了重大问题。我们综合了有关西方花朵蓟马的生物学研究的有效信息，这些信息涉及有效的综合管理方法。行为和生态。我们还将重点介绍有关西部花朵蓟马的物种状况及其遗传，生物学和生态学的新兴话题，这些话题有助于将其用作模型研究有机体，并将指导适当管理方法的开发。