Sepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection, has recently been acknowledged as a worldwide health priority. Sepsis remains the leading cause of mortality in intensive care units and accounts for 6 million deaths every year. Few therapeutic options targeting host immune response in sepsis have demonstrated their efficacy so far. Increasing evidence suggests that a profound immune suppression develops following sepsis, affecting innate and adaptive immune response, of which intensity and duration is associated with increased risk of death and nosocomial infection. Immunostimulant treatments are thus now evaluated in sepsis, and recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) represents a promising candidate. rhIL-7 has been evaluated in several clinical trials in patients with altered lymphocytic responses (HIV infection, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and cancer). Recent studies in animal models and in patients' samples ex vivo demonstrated its efficacy in improving sepsis-induced T cell alterations. Finally, the first clinical trial evaluating rhIL-7 in septic shock patients has just been published. This review will discuss the use of rhIL-7 to treat sepsis-induced T cell dysfunction by introducing the pathophysiology of sepsis and sepsis-related lymphocyte alterations before focusing on rhIL-7 and its potential use of as a therapeutic intervention in patients.

中文翻译：

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IL-7及其在败血症诱导的T淋巴细胞功能障碍中的有益作用。

败血症定义为由宿主对感染的反应失调引起的危及生命的器官功能障碍，最近已被公认为世界卫生重点。脓毒症仍然是重症监护病房死亡的主要原因，每年造成600万人死亡。迄今为止，很少有针对脓毒症中宿主免疫反应的治疗方法证明其功效。越来越多的证据表明，败血症后会产生深远的免疫抑制，影响先天性和适应性免疫反应，其强度和持续时间与死亡和医院感染的风险增加有关。因此，现在在脓毒症中评估了免疫刺激治疗，重组人IL-7（rhIL-7）代表了有希望的候选药物。rhIL-7已在几项具有改变的淋巴细胞反应（HIV感染，造血干细胞移植和癌症）的患者中进行了临床评估。最近在动物模型和患者样本中进行的离体研究表明，其可改善败血症诱导的T细胞改变。最后，刚刚发表了第一项评估败血性休克患者中rhIL-7的临床试验。这篇综述将在介绍rhIL-7及其在患者中作为治疗手段的潜在用途之前，通过介绍脓毒症的病理生理学和脓毒症相关的淋巴细胞改变，讨论rhIL-7在治疗脓毒症诱导的T细胞功能障碍中的用途。离体样品证明其在改善败血症诱导的T细胞改变中的功效。最后，刚刚发表了第一个评估败血性休克患者中rhIL-7的临床试验。这篇综述将在介绍rhIL-7及其在患者中作为治疗手段的潜在用途之前，介绍败血症的病理生理学和败血症相关淋巴细胞的改变，讨论如何使用rhIL-7治疗败血症诱导的T细胞功能障碍。离体样品证明其在改善败血症诱导的T细胞改变中的功效。最后，刚刚发表了第一项评估败血性休克患者中rhIL-7的临床试验。这篇综述将在介绍rhIL-7及其在患者中作为治疗手段的潜在用途之前，通过介绍脓毒症的病理生理学和脓毒症相关的淋巴细胞改变，讨论rhIL-7在治疗脓毒症诱导的T细胞功能障碍中的用途。