By acquiring, processing, and presenting both foreign and self-antigens, dendritic cells (DCs) initiate T cell activation that is shaped through the immunomodulatory functions of a variety of cell-membrane-bound molecules including BTLA-HVEM, CD40-CD40L, CTLA-4-CD80/CD86, CD70-CD27, ICOS-ICOS-L, OX40-OX40L, and PD-L1-PD-1, as well as several key cytokines and enzymes such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Some of these distinct immunomodulatory signals are mediated by specific subsets of DCs, therefore contributing to the functional specialization of DCs in the priming and regulation of immune responses. In addition to responding to the DC-mediated signals, T cells can reciprocally modulate the immunomodulatory capacities of DCs, further refining immune responses. Here, we review recent studies, particularly in experimental mouse systems, that have delineated the integrated mechanisms of crucial immunomodulatory pathways that enable specific populations of DCs and T cells to work intimately together as single functional units that are indispensable for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.

中文翻译：

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树突状细胞和T细胞之间的伙伴关系的免疫调节键。

通过获取，加工和呈递外源抗原和自身抗原，树突细胞（DC）启动T细胞活化，该活化是通过多种细胞膜结合分子（包括BTLA-HVEM，CD40-CD40L，CTLA）的免疫调节功能而形成的-4-CD80 / CD86，CD70-CD27，ICOS-ICOS-L，OX40-OX40L和PD-L1-PD-1，以及几种关键细胞因子和酶，例如白介素6（IL-6），IL -12，IL-23，IL-27，转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1），视黄醛脱氢酶（Raldh）和吲哚胺2,3-二加氧酶（IDO）。这些不同的免疫调节信号中的一些是由DC的特定子集介导的，因此有助于DC在免疫反应的引发和调节中的功能特化。除了响应直流介导的信号外，T细胞可以相互调节DC的免疫调节能力，从而进一步完善免疫反应。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究，特别是在实验性小鼠系统中，这些研究描述了关键的免疫调节途径的整合机制，这些机制使特定的DC和T细胞群体能够作为维持免疫稳态所必不可少的单个功能单元密切合作。