Successful integrated pest management in protected crops implies an evaluation of the compatibility of pesticides and natural enemies (NE), as control strategies that only rely on one tactic can fail when pest populations exceed NE activity or pests become resistant to pesticides. Nowadays in Almería (Spain), growers release NE prior to transplanting or early in the crop cycle to favor their settlement before pest arrival because this improves biocontrol efficacy, although it extends pesticide exposure periods. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the compatibility of two applications of pesticides with key NE in 2‐year trials inside tomato and sweet pepper commercial greenhouses: Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), Orius laevigatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias‐Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). In tomato, flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole (IOBC category 1) were compatible with N. tenuis, but chlorpyrifos‐methyl and spinosad (IOBC categories 2–3), which effectively reduced Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) density, compromised its predatory activity. In sweet pepper, chlorantraniliprole (IOBC category 1) was the only pesticide compatible with O. laevigatus while chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spirotetramat and pymetrozine were harmless (IOBC category 1) to Amblyseius swirskii, and sulfoxaflor slightly harmful (IOBC category 2) to this phytoseiid predator.

中文翻译：

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商业辣椒和番茄温室中早期天敌引入与重复农药施用的相容性

受保护作物中成功的综合虫害管理意味着对农药和天敌 (NE) 的相容性进行评估，因为当害虫种群超过 NE 活动或害虫对杀虫剂产生抗药性时，仅依靠一种策略的控制策略可能会失败。如今在阿尔梅里亚（西班牙），种植者在移栽前或作物周期早期释放 NE，以利于在害虫到来之前解决它们，因为这提高了生物防治效果，尽管它延长了农药暴露期。本研究的目的是在番茄和甜椒商业温室内进行为期 2 年的试验，评估两种杀虫剂与关键 NE 的相容性：Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (半翅目: Miridae), Orius laevigatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) 和 Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: 植物精科）。在番茄中，氟虫双酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺（IOBC 类别 1）与细小猪笼草兼容，但甲基毒死蜱和多杀菌素（IOBC 类别 2-3）可有效降低 Tuta absoluta（Meyrick）（鳞翅目：Gelechiidae）的密度，损害其捕食性活动。在甜椒中，氯虫苯甲酰胺（IOBC 类别 1）是唯一与 O. laevigatus 相容的农药，而氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲维菌素苯甲酸酯、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮对 Amblyseius swirskii 无害（IOBC 类别 1），而氟虫腈对此略有危害（IOBC 类别 2）植物磷脂捕食者。Gelechiidae) 密度，损害了其捕食活动。在甜椒中，氯虫苯甲酰胺（IOBC 类别 1）是唯一与 O. laevigatus 相容的农药，而氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲维菌素苯甲酸酯、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮对 Amblyseius swirskii 无害（IOBC 类别 1），而氟虫腈对此略有危害（IOBC 类别 2）植物磷脂捕食者。Gelechiidae) 密度，损害了其捕食活动。在甜椒中，氯虫苯甲酰胺（IOBC 类别 1）是唯一与 O. laevigatus 相容的农药，而氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲维菌素苯甲酸酯、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮对 Amblyseius swirskii 无害（IOBC 类别 1），而氟虫腈对此略有危害（IOBC 类别 2）植物磷脂捕食者。