Tissue engineering is a complex field where the elements of biology and engineering are combined in an attempt to recapitulate the native environment of the body. Tissue engineering has shown one thing categorically; that the human body is extremely complex and it is truly a difficult task to generate this in the lab. There have been varied attempts at trying to generate a model for the heart with numerous cell types and different scaffolds or materials. The common underlying theme in these approaches is to combine together matrix material and different cell types to make something similar to heart tissue. Multi-cellularity is an essential aspect of the heart and therefore critical to any approach which would try to mimic such a complex tissue. The heart is made up of many cell types that combine to form complex structures like: deformable chambers, a tri-layered heart muscle, and vessels. Thus, in this review we will summarise how tissue engineering has progressed in modelling the heart and what gaps still exist in this dynamic field.

中文翻译：

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心脏组织工程中的多细胞性，我们离天然心脏组织有多近？

组织工程学是一个复杂的领域，将生物学和工程学的要素结合在一起，试图概括人体的自然环境。组织工程已明确显示出一件事。人体非常复杂，要在实验室中生成它确实是一项艰巨的任务。已经尝试了多种尝试，以产生具有多种细胞类型和不同支架或材料的心脏模型。这些方法的共同基本主题是将基质材料和不同的细胞类型结合在一起，制成类似于心脏组织的东西。多细胞性是心脏必不可少的方面，因此对于试图模仿这种复杂组织的任何方法都至关重要。心脏由多种细胞类型组成，这些细胞类型结合起来形成复杂的结构，例如：可变形的腔室，三层心肌和血管。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将总结组织工程学在心脏建模方面的进展以及在这个动态领域中仍然存在哪些空白。