ABSTRACT Immunotherapy of cancer has been explored for over a century, but it is only in the last decade that various antibody‐based products have been introduced into the management of patients with diverse cancers. At present, this is one of the most active areas of clinical research, with eight therapeutic products already approved in oncology. Antibodies against tumor‐associated markers have been a part of medical practice in immunohistology and in vitro immunoassays for several decades, have even been used as radioconjugates in diagnostic imaging, and are now becoming increasingly recognized as important biological agents for the detection and treatment of cancer. Molecular engineering has improved the prospects for such antibody‐based therapeutics, resulting in different constructs and humanized/human antibodies that can be administered frequently. Consequently, a renewed interest in the development of antibodies conjugated with radionuclides, drugs, and toxins has emerged. We review how antibodies and immunoconjugates have influenced cancer detection and therapy, and also describe promising new developments and challenges for broader applications.

中文翻译：

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癌症靶向治疗：抗体和免疫偶联物的新前景

摘要 癌症的免疫疗法已经探索了一个多世纪，但直到最近十年，才将各种基于抗体的产品引入各种癌症患者的治疗中。目前，这是临床研究最活跃的领域之一，已有八种治疗产品已获批用于肿瘤学。几十年来，针对肿瘤相关标志物的抗体一直是免疫组织学和体外免疫测定医学实践的一部分，甚至在诊断成像中用作放射偶联物，现在越来越被认为是检测和治疗癌症的重要生物制剂. 分子工程改善了这种基于抗体的疗法的前景，导致可以频繁施用的不同构建体和人源化/人抗体。因此，人们对开发与放射性核素、药物和毒素结合的抗体产生了新的兴趣。我们回顾了抗体和免疫偶联物如何影响癌症检测和治疗，并描述了有前景的新发展和更广泛应用的挑战。