Evidence of group bias based on race, ethnicity, nationality, and language emerges early in the life span. Although understanding the initial acquisition of group bias has critical theoretical and practical implications, precisely how group biases are acquired has been understudied. In two preregistered experiments, we tested the hypothesis that generalized social group biases can be acquired through exposure to positive nonverbal signals directed toward a novel adult from one group and more negative nonverbal signals directed toward a novel adult from another group. We sought to determine whether children would acquire global nonverbal signal-consistent social group biases that extended beyond their explicit social preferences, by measuring children's preferences, imitation, and behavioral intentions. Supporting our preregistered hypotheses, preschool-age participants favored small and large groups whose member received positive nonverbal signals, relative to groups whose member received more negative nonverbal signals. We also replicated prior work indicating that children will acquire individual target biases from the observation of biased nonverbal signals. Here we make the case that generalized social group biases can be rapidly and unintentionally transmitted on the basis of observational learning from nonverbal signals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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获得群体偏见：观察他人的非语言信号会产生社会群体偏见。

基于种族、民族、国籍和语言的群体偏见的证据出现在生命周期的早期。尽管了解群体偏见的初始获得具有重要的理论和实践意义，但人们对群体偏见如何获得的确切方式尚未得到充分研究。在两个预先注册的实验中，我们测试了这样一个假设，即通过暴露于针对一组新成人的积极非语言信号和针对另一组新成人的更多负面非语言信号，可以获得广义社会群体偏见。我们试图通过测量儿童的偏好、模仿和行为意图来确定儿童是否会获得超出其明确社会偏好的全球非语言信号一致的社会群体偏见。支持我们预先登记的假设，学龄前的参与者偏爱那些成员收到积极的非语言信号的小团体和大团体，而不是那些成员收到更多消极非语言信号的团体。我们还复制了先前的工作，表明儿童将通过观察有偏见的非语言信号获得个人目标偏见。在这里，我们论证了基于非语言信号的观察学习，广义的社会群体偏见可以迅速而无意地传播。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。我们还复制了先前的工作，表明儿童将通过观察有偏见的非语言信号获得个人目标偏见。在这里，我们论证了基于非语言信号的观察学习，广义的社会群体偏见可以迅速而无意地传播。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。我们还复制了先前的工作，表明儿童将通过观察有偏见的非语言信号获得个人目标偏见。在这里，我们论证了基于非语言信号的观察学习，广义的社会群体偏见可以迅速而无意地传播。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。