Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeders often use dihaploids, which are 2× progeny derived from 4× autotetraploid parents. Dihaploids can be used in diploid crosses to introduce new genetic material into breeding germplasm that can be integrated into tetraploid breeding through the use of unreduced gametes in 4× by 2× crosses. Dihaploid potatoes are usually produced via pollination by haploid inducer lines known as in vitro pollinators (IVP). In vitro pollinator chromosomes are selectively degraded from initially full hybrid embryos, resulting in 2× seed. During this process, somatic translocation of IVP DNA may occur. In this study, a genome‐wide approach was used to identify such events and other chromosome‐scale abnormalities in a population of 95 dihaploids derived from a cross between potato cultivar Superior and the haploid inducing line IVP101. Most Superior dihaploids showed translocation rates of <1% at 16,947,718 assayable sites, yet two dihaploids showed translocation rates of 1.86 and 1.60%. Allelic ratios at translocation sites suggested that most translocations occurred in individual cell lineages and were thus not present in all cells of the adult plants. Translocations were enriched in sites associated with high gene expression and H3K4 dimethylation and H4K5 acetylation, suggesting that they tend to occur in regions of open chromatin. The translocations likely result as a consequence of double‐stranded break repair in the dihaploid genomes via homologous recombination during which IVP chromosomes are used as templates. Additionally, primary trisomy was observed in eight individuals. As the trisomic chromosomes were derived from Superior, meiotic nondisjunction may be common in potato.

中文翻译：

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马铃薯二倍体生产过程中体细胞移位事件的全基因组推断。

马铃薯（马铃薯）L.）育种者经常使用二倍体，它们是4x同源四倍体亲本的2x后代。二倍体可用于二倍体杂交，以将新的遗传材料引入育种种质，然后可通过使用4x x 2x杂交的未减配配子，将其整合到四倍体育种中。二倍体马铃薯通常是通过被称为体外授粉剂（IVP）的单倍体诱导物系通过授粉产生的。体外授粉染色体从最初的完整杂交胚中选择性降解，产生2x种子。在此过程中，IVP DNA可能发生体细胞移位。在这项研究中，使用全基因组方法鉴定了95个双倍体种群中的此类事件和其他染色体规模异常，这些双倍体来源于马铃薯品种Superior和单倍体诱导系IVP101之间的杂交。大多数高级二倍体在16,947,718个可分析位点处的转运率<1％，而两个二倍体的转运率分别为1.86和1.60％。易位位点的等位基因比率表明大多数易位发生在单个细胞谱系中，因此并不存在于成年植物的所有细胞中。易位富集在与高基因表达，H3K4二甲基化和H4K5乙酰化相关的位点，表明它们倾向于发生在开放染色质区域。易位可能是由于通过将IVP染色体用作模板的同源重组在二倍体基因组中进行双链断裂修复而导致的。另外，在八个人中观察到原发性三体性。由于三体染色体是从Superior衍生而来的，