Remorins (REMs) are plant‐specific proteins that play an essential role in plant–microbe interactions. However, their roles in vernalization and abiotic stress responses remain speculative. Most remorins have a variable proline‐rich N‐half and a more conserved C‐half that is predicted to form coils. A search of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) database revealed the existence of 20 different REM genes, which we classified into six groups on the basis of whether they shared a common phylogenetic and structural origin. Analysis of the physical genomic distributions demonstrated that REM genes are dispersed in the wheat genome and have one to seven introns. Promoter analysis of TaREM genes revealed the presence of putative cis‐elements related to diverse functions like development, hormonal regulation, and biotic and abiotic stress responsiveness. Expression levels of TaREM genes were measured in plants grown under field and controlled conditions and in response to hormone treatment. Our analyses revealed that 12 members of the REM family are regulated during cold acclimation in wheat in four different tissues (roots, crowns, stems, and leaves), with the highest expression in roots. Differential gene expression was found between wheat cultivars with contrasting degrees of cold tolerance, suggesting the implication of TaREM genes in cold response and tolerance. Additionally, eight genes were induced in response to abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate treatment. This genome‐wide analysis of TaREM genes provides valuable resources for functional analysis aimed at understanding their role in stress adaptation.

中文翻译：

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小麦Remorin（TaREM）家族在冷适应过程中的全基因组鉴定和表征。

Remorins（REM）是植物特异性蛋白质，在植物与微生物的相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。然而，它们在春化和非生物胁迫反应中的作用仍是推测性的。大多数remorins具有可变的脯氨酸富集的N-半个和更保守的C-半个，预计将形成线圈。对小麦数据库（Triticum aestivum L.）的搜索显示存在20个不同的REM基因，根据它们是否具有共同的系统发育和结构起源，我们将其分为6组。对物理基因组分布的分析表明，REM基因分散在小麦基因组中，并具有1至7个内含子。TaREM的启动子分析基因揭示了与各种功能（如发育，激素调节以及生物和非生物应激反应）有关的假定的顺式元素的存在。在田间和受控条件下以及响应激素处理的植物中测量了TaREM基因的表达水平。我们的分析表明，REM家族的12个成员在小麦的冷驯化过程中受四种不同组织（根，冠，茎和叶）的调节，其中根的表达最高。在耐寒性不同的小麦品种之间发现差异基因表达，这表明TaREM的含义基因在寒冷反应和宽容。另外，响应于脱落酸和茉莉酸甲酯处理，诱导了八个基因。TaREM基因的全基因组分析为功能分析提供了宝贵的资源，旨在了解它们在应激适应中的作用。