A mutagenesis moonshot addressing the influence of the environment on our genetic wellbeing was launched just 2 months before astronauts landed on the moon. Its impetus included the discovery that X-rays (Muller HJ. [1927]: Science 64:84-87) and chemicals (Auerbach and Robson. [1946]: Nature 157:302) were germ-cell mutagens, the introduction of a growing number of untested chemicals into the environment after World War II, and an increasing awareness of the role of environmental pollution on human health. Due to mounting concern from influential scientists that germ-cell mutagens might be ubiquitous in the environment, Alexander Hollaender and colleagues founded in 1969 the Environmental Mutagen Society (EMS), now the Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society (EMGS); Frits Sobels founded the European EMS in 1970. As Fred de Serres noted, such societies were necessary because protecting populations from environmental mutagens could not be addressed by existing scientific societies, and new multidisciplinary alliances were required to spearhead this movement. The nascent EMS gathered policy makers and scientists from government, industry, and academia who became advocates for laws requiring genetic toxicity testing of pesticides and drugs and helped implement those laws. They created an electronic database of the mutagenesis literature; established a peer-reviewed journal; promoted basic and applied research in DNA repair and mutagenesis; and established training programs that expanded the science worldwide. Despite these successes, one objective remains unfulfilled: identification of human germ-cell mutagens. After 50 years, the voyage continues, and a vibrant EMGS is needed to bring the mission to its intended target of protecting populations from genetic hazards. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:8-24, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

中文翻译：

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诱变登月：环境诱变和基因组学社会的吉祥开端。

就在宇航员登陆月球前两个月，一项旨在解决环境对我们遗传健康影响的诱变登月计划启动了。它的推动力包括发现 X 射线（Muller HJ. [1927]: Science 64:84-87）和化学品（Auerbach and Robson. [1946]: Nature 157:302）是生殖细胞诱变剂，引入了第二次世界大战后，越来越多未经测试的化学品进入环境，人们越来越意识到环境污染对人类健康的影响。由于有影响力的科学家越来越担心生殖细胞诱变剂可能在环境中普遍存在，Alexander Hollaender 及其同事于 1969 年成立了环境诱变剂协会 (EMS)，即现在的环境诱变和基因组学协会 (EMGS)；Frits Sobels 于 1970 年创立了欧洲 EMS。正如 Fred de Serres 指出的那样，这样的协会是必要的，因为现有的科学协会无法解决保护人口免受环境诱变剂影响的问题，需要新的多学科联盟来带头这一运动。新生的环境管理体系聚集了来自政府、工业界和学术界的政策制定者和科学家，他们成为要求对农药和药物进行遗传毒性测试的法律的倡导者，并帮助实施这些法律。他们创建了一个诱变文献的电子数据库；建立了同行评审期刊；促进DNA修复和诱变的基础和应用研究；并制定了在全球范围内扩展科学的培训计划。尽管取得了这些成功，但仍有一个目标尚未实现：识别人类生殖细胞诱变剂。50 年后，航行仍在继续，需要充满活力的 EMGS 来实现其保护人口免受遗传危害的预期目标。环境。摩尔。诱变剂。2020 年 61:8-24。© 2019 Wiley periodicals, Inc.