Descending controls link higher processing of noxious signals to modulation of spinal cord responses to their noxious inputs. It has become possible to study one key inhibitory system in animals and humans using one painful stimulus to attenuate another distant response and so eliciting diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) or the human counterpart, conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Here, we discuss the neuronal pathways in both species, their pharmacology and examine changes in descending controls with a focus on osteoarthritis. We will also discuss the opposing descending facilitatory system. Strong parallels between DNIC and CPM emphasize the possibility of forward and reverse translation.

中文翻译：

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上升的必然是下降：对作用于脊柱疼痛加工的下降控制的研究得出的见识。

下降的控件将有害信号的更高处理与对有害输入的脊髓反应的调制相联系。在动物和人类中研究一种关键的抑制系统已经成为可能，它使用一种痛苦的刺激来减弱另一种遥远的反应，从而引发弥散性有害抑制控制（DNIC）或人类对应的条件性疼痛调节（CPM）。在这里，我们讨论了这两种物种的神经元通路及其药理作用，并研究了以骨关节炎为重点的降序控制的变化。我们还将讨论相反的降序促进系统。DNIC和CPM之间的强烈相似之处强调了正向和反向转换的可能性。