Municipal solid waste landfills are widely used as a waste management tool and landfill microbiology is at the core of waste degradation in these ecosystems. This review investigates the microbiology of municipal solid waste landfills, focusing on the current state of knowledge pertaining to microbial diversity and functions facilitating in situ waste bioprocessing, as well as ecological factors influencing microbial dynamics in landfills. Bioprocessing of waste in municipal landfills emanates from substrate metabolism and co-metabolism by several syntrophic microorganisms, resulting in partial transformation of complex substrates into simpler polymeric compounds and complete mineralisation into inorganic salts, water and gases including the biofuel gas methane. The substrate decomposition is characterised by evolution and interactions of different bacterial, archaeal and fungal groups due to prevailing biotic and abiotic conditions in the landfills, allowing for hydrolytic, fermentative, acetogenic and methanogenic processes to occur. Application of metagenomics studies based on high throughput Next Generation Sequencing technique has advanced research on profiling of the microbial communities in municipal solid waste landfills. However, functional diversity and bioprocess dynamics, as well as key factors influencing the in situ bioprocesses involved in landfill waste degradation; the very elements that are key in determining the efficiency of municipal landfills as tools of waste management, remain ambiguous. Such gaps also hinder progressive understanding of fundamentals that underlie technology development based on waste biodegradation, and exploration of municipal waste as a bioresource.

中文翻译：

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市政固体垃圾填埋场的微生物学：垃圾生物处理中微生物动力学和生态影响的综述。

市政固体废物填埋场被广泛用作废物管理工具，而垃圾填埋场微生物学是这些生态系统中废物降解的核心。这篇综述调查了市政固体垃圾填埋场的微生物学，重点是与微生物多样性和促进原位垃圾生物处理的功能有关的知识的现状，以及影响垃圾填埋场微生物动力学的生态因素。市政垃圾填埋场中废物的生物处理源于几种同养微生物的底物代谢和共代谢，导致复杂的底物部分转化为更简单的聚合化合物，并完全矿化为无机盐，水和气体，包括生物燃料甲烷。底物分解的特征是，由于垃圾填埋场普遍存在生物和非生物条件，不同细菌，古细菌和真菌的进化和相互作用，使得水解，发酵，产乙酸和产甲烷过程得以发生。基于高通量的宏基因组学研究的应用下一代测序技术对城市垃圾填埋场中微生物群落的分布进行了高级研究。但是，功能多样性和生物过程动态以及影响垃圾填埋场降解所涉及的原位生物过程的关键因素；决定城市垃圾填埋场作为废物管理工具效率的关键要素仍然模棱两可。