All sectors of livestock production are in the process of shifting from small populations on many farms to large populations on fewer farms. A concurrent shift has occurred in the number of livestock moved across political boundaries. The unintended consequence of these changes has been the appearance of multifactorial diseases that are resistant to traditional methods of prevention and control. The need to understand complex animal health conditions mandates a shift toward the collection of longitudinal animal health data. Historically, collection of such data has frustrated and challenged animal health specialists. A promising trend in the evolution toward more efficient and effective livestock disease surveillance is the increased use of aggregate samples, e.g. bulk tank milk and oral fluid specimens. These sample types provide the means to monitor disease, estimate herd prevalence, and evaluate spatiotemporal trends in disease distribution. Thus, this article provides an overview of the use of bulk tank milk and pen-based oral fluids in the surveillance of livestock populations for infectious diseases.

中文翻译：

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使用汇总样本对牲畜种群进行畜群级传染病监测

畜牧生产的所有部门都在从许多农场的小种群向较少农场的大种群转变。跨越政治边界的牲畜数量同时发生了变化。这些变化的意外后果是出现了对传统预防和控制方法有抵抗力的多因素疾病。了解复杂的动物健康状况的需要要求向收集纵向动物健康数据转变。从历史上看，此类数据的收集使动物健康专家感到沮丧和挑战。朝着更有效和更有效的牲畜疾病监测发展的一个有希望的趋势是增加使用聚合样本，例如散装罐牛奶和口腔液样本。这些样本类型提供了监测疾病、估计畜群流行率和评估疾病分布的时空趋势的方法。因此，本文概述了使用散装罐牛奶和基于笔的口腔液监测牲畜种群的传染病。