OBJECTIVES The epidemiological evidence is inconsistent about whether HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk of developing antiretroviral resistance than any other HIV-positive populations. This study aims to investigate and compare transmitted drug resistance (TDR) between IDUs and non-IDUs in Lingshan County, an HIV-hit region in Guangxi, China, where IDU and heterosexual transmission were the two dominant transmission routes and roughly equally contributed to the local HIV transmission. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral-treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-1 patients from Lingshan County. The pol gene of HIV-1 from the individuals was sequenced followed by genotyping and TDR analysis. RESULTS Two dominant transmission routes, heterosexual contact and IDU, accounted for 49.2 and 45.9% of 183 HIV-1 infection cases, respectively. Three genotypes, including CRF08_BC (70.6%), CRF01_AE (24.4%), and CRF07_BC (5.0%), and three unique recombinant forms (1.6%), were identified. There was a significant difference in genotype distribution among the different transmission routes (F = 21.814, p < 0.001). The overall TDR prevalence was 5.5%. There were no significant differences in TDR prevalence among the different transmission routes (F = 1.420, p = 0.439). CONCLUSIONS Injection drug use has little impact on TDR prevalence compared with other routes of transmission.

中文翻译：

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注射吸毒者与非注射吸毒者之间传播的耐药率无差异：一项针对未经抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV患者的跨部门研究。

目的流行病学证据表明，与其他任何HIV阳性人群相比，HIV阳性注射吸毒者（IDU）是否具有更高的抗逆转录病毒耐药性风险。这项研究旨在调查和比较在广西受艾滋病毒打击的广西灵山县的注射毒品使用者和非注射毒品使用者之间的传播耐药性（TDR），其中注射毒品使用者和异性传播是两个主要的传播途径，并且大致等同于当地艾滋病毒传播。方法对灵山县新诊断和未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的HIV-1患者进行了横断面研究。对来自个体的HIV-1的pol基因进行测序，然后进行基因分型和TDR分析。结果两种主要的传播途径，即异性接触和IDU，分别占49.2和45。183例HIV-1感染病例中分别有9％。确定了三种基因型，包括CRF08_BC（70.6％），CRF01_AE（24.4％）和CRF07_BC（5.0％），以及三种独特的重组形式（1.6％）。不同传播途径之间的基因型分布存在显着差异（F = 21.814，p <0.001）。TDR总体患病率为5.5％。在不同的传播途径之间，TDR的患病率没有显着差异（F = 1.420，p = 0.439）。结论与其他传播途径相比，注射毒品的使用对TDR的患病率影响很小。不同传播途径之间的基因型分布存在显着差异（F = 21.814，p <0.001）。TDR总体患病率为5.5％。在不同的传播途径之间，TDR患病率无显着差异（F = 1.420，p = 0.439）。结论与其他传播途径相比，注射毒品的使用对TDR的患病率影响很小。不同传播途径之间的基因型分布存在显着差异（F = 21.814，p <0.001）。TDR总体患病率为5.5％。在不同的传播途径之间，TDR患病率无显着差异（F = 1.420，p = 0.439）。结论与其他传播途径相比，注射毒品的使用对TDR的患病率影响很小。