Upsurge in the instances of antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia .coli (UPECs) strains has repositioned the attention of researchers towards a century old antimicrobial approach popularly known as phage therapy. Rise of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and biofilm producing strains has added another step of hurdle in treatment of uropathogens with conventional antibiotics, thus providing a further impetus for search for exploring new therapeutic measures. In this direction, bacteriophages, commonly called phages, are recently being considered as potential alternatives for treatment of UPECs. Phages are the tiniest form of viruses which are ubiquitous in nature and highly specific for their host. This review discusses the possible ways of using natural phages, genetically engineered phages, and phage lytic enzymes (PLEs) as an alternative antimicrobial treatment for urinary tract infections. The review also sheds light on the synergistic use of conventional antibiotics with phages or PLEs for treatment of uropathogens. These methods of using phages and their derivatives, alone or in combination with antibiotics, have proved fruitful so far in in vitro studies. However, in vivo studies are required to make them accessible for human use. The present review is a concerted effort towards putting together all the information available on the subject.

中文翻译：

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通过噬菌体治疗管理尿路感染：一种新方法。

抗生素耐药性尿路致病性大肠埃希菌（UPECs）菌株的热潮将研究人员的注意力重新定位于百年历史的被称为噬菌体疗法的抗菌方法。超广谱β内酰胺酶（ESBL）和生产生物膜的菌株的兴起增加了用常规抗生素治疗尿路致病菌的另一步骤，从而为寻求新的治疗手段提供了进一步的动力。在这个方向上，噬菌体（通常称为噬菌体）最近被视为治疗UPEC的潜在替代品。噬菌体是最微小的病毒形式，自然界普遍存在，并且高度针对其宿主。这篇评论讨论了使用天然噬菌体，基因工程噬菌体，和噬菌体溶解酶（PLEs）作为尿路感染的另一种抗菌治疗方法。该综述还阐明了常规抗生素与噬菌体或PLEs协同治疗尿毒症的用途。迄今为止，这些单独或与抗生素组合使用噬菌体及其衍生物的方法在体外研究中已证明是卓有成效的。然而，需要进行体内研究以使其可被人类使用。本审查是齐心协力，努力将有关该主题的所有可用信息汇总在一起。迄今为止，在体外研究中已证明是卓有成效的。然而，需要进行体内研究以使其可被人类使用。本审查是齐心协力，努力将有关该主题的所有可用信息汇总在一起。迄今为止，在体外研究中已证明是卓有成效的。然而，需要进行体内研究以使其可被人类使用。本审查是齐心协力，努力将有关该主题的所有可用信息汇总在一起。