The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has been increasing worldwide. The results of reported studies on the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors are unequivocal. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors. A systematic search was conducted through international databases (PubMed/Medline, Institute of Scientific Information, and Scopus) until December 2018 to include all randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-RCT, and controlled clinical trials which assessed the effect of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors including lipid profile, glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. Random- or fixed-effects meta-analysis method was used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which included a total of 1141 participants in the intervention group. Meta-analysis showed that zinc supplementation significantly decreased plasma levels of triglyceride (SMD - 0.66, 95% CI - 1.27, - 0.06), very-low-density lipoprotein (SMD - 1.59, 95% CI - 2.86, - 0.31), and total cholesterol (SMD - 0.65, 95% CI - 1.15, - 0.15). Similarly, zinc supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (SMD - 0.52, 95% CI - 0.96, - 0.07) and HbA1c (SMD - 0.64, 95% CI - 1.27, - 0.02). The effects of zinc supplementation on blood pressure and anthropometric indices were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Zinc supplements had beneficial effects on glycemic indices and lipid profile. Thus, it appeared that zinc supplementation might be associated with a decrease in cardiometabolic risk factors contributing to a reduction in risk of atherosclerosis.

中文翻译：

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补充锌对心脏代谢危险因素的影响：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。

全世界心脏代谢危险因素的患病率一直在上升。关于补锌对心脏代谢危险因素影响的报道研究结果是明确的。对随机对照试验进行系统评价和荟萃分析，以评估补充锌对心脏代谢危险因素的影响。通过国际数据库（PubMed / Medline，科学信息研究所和Scopus）进行了系统的搜索，直到2018年12月，包括所有随机对照试验（RCT），准RCT和对照临床试验，这些试验评估了补充锌对心脏代谢风险因素包括脂质分布，血糖指数，血压和人体测量指数。采用随机或固定效应荟萃分析方法估算标准化均值差（SMD）和95％置信区间（CI）。荟萃分析共纳入20项研究，其中干预组共有1141名参与者。荟萃分析显示，补锌显着降低了甘油三酸酯（SMD-0.66，95％CI-1.27，-0.06），极低密度脂蛋白（SMD-1.59，95％CI-2.86，-0.31）和血浆水平总胆固醇（SMD-0.65，95％CI-1.15，-0.15）。同样，补锌显着降低了空腹血糖（SMD-0.52，95％CI-0.96，-0.07）和HbA1c（SMD-0.64，95％CI-1.27，-0.02）。补锌对血压和人体测量指标的影响无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。锌补充剂对血糖指数和血脂水平有有益的影响。因此，似乎补锌可能与降低心脏代谢风险因素有关，从而有助于降低动脉粥样硬化的风险。