In the past few decades, the placenta became a very controversial topic that has had many researchers and pharmacists discussing the significance of the effects of pharmaceutical drug intake and how it is a possible leading cause towards birth defects. The creation of an in vitro microengineered model of the placenta can be used to replicate the interactions between the mother and fetus, specifically pharmaceutical drug intake reactions. As the field of nanotechnology significantly continues growing, nanotechnology will become more apparent in the study of medicine and other scientific disciplines, specifically microengineering applications. This review is based on past and current research that compares the feasibility and testing of the placenta-on-a-chip microengineered model to the previous and underdeveloped in vivo and ex vivo approaches. The testing of the practicality and effectiveness of the in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models requires the experimentation of prominent pharmaceutical drugs that most mothers consume during pregnancy. In this case, these drugs need to be studied and tested more often. However, there are challenges associated with the in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo processes when developing a practical placental model, which are discussed in further detail.

中文翻译：

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跨人类胎盘的药物转运：胎盘芯片和先前方法的回顾。

在过去的几十年里，胎盘成为一个非常有争议的话题，许多研究人员和药剂师都在讨论药物摄入影响的重要性以及它如何可能是导致出生缺陷的主要原因。体外胎盘微工程模型的创建可用于复制母亲和胎儿之间的相互作用，特别是药物摄入反应。随着纳米技术领域的持续显着发展，纳米技术将在医学和其他科学学科的研究，特别是微工程应用中变得更加明显。本综述基于过去和当前的研究，将胎盘芯片微工程模型的可行性和测试与之前和不发达的体内和离体方法进行了比较。测试体外、体内和离体模型的实用性和有效性需要对大多数母亲在怀孕期间服用的著名药物进行实验。在这种情况下，这些药物需要更频繁地研究和测试。然而，在开发实用的胎盘模型时，存在与体外、体内和离体过程相关的挑战，对此将进行更详细的讨论。