Our understanding of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has significantly accelerated over the last few years, but predominant advances have been made in developed, Western countries. Little is known about PD in the Central Asian (CA) and Transcaucasian (TC) countries. Here, we review the clinical characteristics, treatments used, epidemiology, and genetics of PD in CA and TC countries via a methodological search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. For the acquisition of PD care-related data, the search was extended to the local web resources. Our findings showed that PD prevalence in the region is averaging 62 per 100,000 population. The mean age of onset is 56.4 ± 2.8 in females and 63.3 ± 3.5 in males. Large-scale national studies on PD prevalence from the region are currently lacking. A limited number of genetic studies with small cohorts and inconclusive results were identified. The G2019S LRRK2 mutation, the commonest mutation in PD worldwide, was found in 5.7% of patients with idiopathic PD and 17.6% of familial cases in 153 Uzbek patients. Our review highlighted systematic deficiencies in PD health care in the region including lacks of neurologists specializing in PD, delays in PD diagnosis, absence of specialized PD nurses and PD rehab services, limited access to PD medications and surgery, and the unavailability of PD infusion therapies. Overall, this article demonstrated the paucity of data on this common neurological disorder in CA and TC countries and identified a number of healthcare areas that require an urgent consideration. We conclude that well-designed large-scale epidemiological, genetic, and clinical studies are desperately needed in this region. Healthcare professionals, local and national institutions, and stakeholders must come together to address deficiencies in PD healthcare systems in CA and TC countries.

中文翻译：

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中亚和外高加索国家的帕金森病：流行病学、遗传学、临床特征和获得护理的回顾。

在过去几年中，我们对帕金森病 (PD) 的了解显着加快，但西方发达国家取得了显着进展。在中亚 (CA) 和外高加索 (TC) 国家，人们对 PD 知之甚少。在这里，我们通过 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 数据库中的方法搜索，回顾了 CA 和 TC 国家 PD 的临床特征、使用的治疗方法、流行病学和遗传学。对于 PD 护理相关数据的获取，将搜索扩展到本地网络资源。我们的研究结果表明，该地区的 PD 患病率平均为每 100,000 人中有 62 人。女性的平均发病年龄为 56.4 ± 2.8，男性为 63.3 ± 3.5。目前缺乏关于该地区 PD 患病率的大规模国家研究。确定了数量有限的小队列和不确定结果的遗传研究。G2019S LRRK2 突变是全球 PD 中最常见的突变，在 153 名乌兹别克斯坦患者的 5.7% 的特发性 PD 患者和 17.6% 的家族病例中发现。我们的审查强调了该地区 PD 医疗保健的系统性缺陷，包括缺乏专门研究 PD 的神经科医生、PD 诊断延误、缺乏专门的 PD 护士和 PD 康复服务、获得 PD 药物和手术的机会有限，以及无法获得 PD 输液疗法. 总体而言，这篇文章证明了在 CA 和 TC 国家缺乏这种常见神经系统疾病的数据，并确定了一些需要紧急考虑的医疗保健领域。我们得出结论，精心设计的大规模流行病学、遗传、该地区迫切需要临床研究。医疗保健专业人员、地方和国家机构以及利益相关者必须齐心协力解决 CA 和 TC 国家 PD 医疗保健系统的缺陷。