Advances in molecular biology have permitted a much more detailed understanding of cellular dysfunction at the molecular and genetic levels in cancer cells. This has resulted in the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, including proteins that regulate signal transduction, gene expression, and protein turnover. In many instances, small molecules are used to disrupt the function of these targets, often through competitive inhibition of ATP binding or the prevention of necessary protein-protein interactions. More than 40 small molecule inhibitors are now approved to treat a variety of human cancers, substantially impacting patient outcomes.

中文翻译：

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兽医肿瘤学的靶向治疗。

分子生物学的进步已经允许在癌细胞的分子和遗传水平上对细胞功能障碍进行更详细的了解。这导致鉴定出用于治疗干预的新靶标，包括调节信号转导，基因表达和蛋白更新的蛋白。在许多情况下，小分子通常通过竞争性抑制ATP结合或防止必需的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用来破坏这些靶标的功能。现在，已经批准了40多种小分子抑制剂治疗多种人类癌症，从而大大影响了患者的治疗效果。