Mexico is the world’s largest producer, exporter, and consumer of avocados. “Hass” avocado is the most commercialized cultivar, while the native Mexican avocado varieties have been displaced. Thus, studies regarding their chemical and nutraceutical characterization are scarce. We studied the total lipid content, fatty acid profile, carotenoid content, and free radical-scavenging activity of the fruit pulp from 12 accessions of the native Mexican avocado (Persea americana var. drymifolia). The results show that the chemical and nutraceutical characteristics depend on the accession type. The total lipid content ranged from 13.22 to 23.41%. The major saturated fatty acid in all the avocado accessions was palmitic acid (15.54–22.68%). Monounsaturated fatty acids, like oleic (56.58–74.19%), linoleic (5.62–16.85%) and linolenic (0.63–2.85%) acids were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids in all the native Mexican avocado accessions. The total carotenoid content (1.57 to 7.83 mg eq. of β-carotene 100 g-1 fresh weight) and the free radical-scavenging activity (7.58–88.62 mMol trolox equivalent 100 g−1 fresh weight) also varied significantly (p < 0.05) among accessions. Native Mexican avocados have a great nutraceutical potential due to their high content of omega-9, omega-6, and omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids. These compounds have been reported to display antioxidant activities and protect against cardiovascular diseases.

中文翻译：

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脂肪酸谱、总类胡萝卜素和从 12 种墨西哥本土鳄梨品种的亲脂部分中清除自由基

墨西哥是世界上最大的鳄梨生产国、出口国和消费国。“Hass”鳄梨是商业化程度最高的品种，而墨西哥本土鳄梨品种已被取代。因此，关于它们的化学和营养品特性的研究很少。我们研究了来自 12 种墨西哥本土鳄梨 (Persea americana var. drymifolia) 的果肉的总脂质含量、脂肪酸谱、类胡萝卜素含量和自由基清除活性。结果表明，化学和营养特性取决于种质类型。总脂质含量范围为 13.22 至 23.41%。所有鳄梨种质中的主要饱和脂肪酸是棕榈酸（15.54-22.68%）。单不饱和脂肪酸，如油酸 (56.58–74.19%)、亚油酸 (5.62–16.85%) 和亚麻酸 (0.63–2. 85%) 酸是所有墨西哥本土鳄梨品种中含量最丰富的不饱和脂肪酸。总类胡萝卜素含量（1.57 至 7.83 毫克当量的 β-胡萝卜素 100 g-1 鲜重）和自由基清除活性（7.58-88.62 mMol trolox 当量 100 g-1 鲜重）也有显着差异（p < 0.05 ) 种质之间。由于 omega-9、omega-6 和 omega-3 脂肪酸和类胡萝卜素含量高，墨西哥本土鳄梨具有巨大的营养价值。据报道，这些化合物显示出抗氧化活性并预防心血管疾病。62 mMol trolox 相当于 100 g-1 鲜重）在种质之间也有显着差异（p < 0.05）。由于 omega-9、omega-6 和 omega-3 脂肪酸和类胡萝卜素含量高，墨西哥本土鳄梨具有巨大的营养价值。据报道，这些化合物显示出抗氧化活性并预防心血管疾病。62 mMol trolox 相当于 100 g-1 鲜重）在种质之间也有显着差异（p < 0.05）。由于 omega-9、omega-6 和 omega-3 脂肪酸和类胡萝卜素含量高，墨西哥本土鳄梨具有巨大的营养价值。据报道，这些化合物显示出抗氧化活性并预防心血管疾病。