DNA methylation is considered as a crucial part of epigenetic modifications and a popular research topic in recent decades. It usually occurs with a methyl group adding to the fifth carbon atom of cytosine while the base sequence of DNA remains unchanged. DNA methylation has significant influences on maintaining cell functions, genetic imprinting, embryonic development and tumorigenesis procedures and hence the analysis of DNA methylation is of great medical significance. With the development of analytical techniques and further research on DNA methylation, numerous DNA methylation detection strategies based on biosensing technology have been developed to fulfill various study requirements. This article reviewed the development of electrochemistry and optical biosensing analysis of DNA methylation in recent years; in addition, we also reviewed some recent advances in the detection of DNA methylation using new techniques, such as nanopore biosensors, and highlighted the key technical and biological challenges involved in these methods. We hope this paper will provide useful information for the selection and establishment of analysis of DNA methylation.

DNA甲基化被认为是表观遗传修饰的关键部分，并且是近几十年来的热门研究课题。它通常在甲基添加到胞嘧啶的第五个碳原子上时发生，而DNA的碱基序列保持不变。DNA甲基化对维持细胞功能，遗传印记，胚胎发育和肿瘤发生过程有重要影响，因此DNA甲基化的分析具有重要的医学意义。随着分析技术的发展和对DNA甲基化的进一步研究，已经开发了许多基于生物传感技术的DNA甲基化检测策略，以满足各种研究要求。本文综述了近年来DNA甲基化的电化学和光学生物传感分析技术的发展。此外，我们还回顾了使用新技术（例如纳米孔生物传感器）检测DNA甲基化的最新进展，并重点介绍了这些方法涉及的关键技术和生物学挑战。我们希望本文将为选择和建立DNA甲基化分析提供有用的信息。