In the growth condition(s) of plants, numerous secondary metabolites (SMs) are produced by them to serve variety of cellular functions essential for physiological processes, and recent increasing evidences have implicated stress and defense response signaling in their production. The type and concentration(s) of secondary molecule(s) produced by a plant are determined by the species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage and environmental factors during growth. This suggests the physiological adaptive responses employed by various plant taxonomic groups in coping with the stress and defensive stimuli. The past recent decades had witnessed renewed interest to study abiotic factors that influence secondary metabolism during in vitro and in vivo growth of plants. Application of molecular biology tools and techniques are facilitating understanding the signaling processes and pathways involved in the SMs production at subcellular, cellular, organ and whole plant systems during in vivo and in vitro growth, with application in metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways intermediates.

中文翻译：

---

植物次生代谢产物生产中的应激和防御反应。

在植物的生长条件下，它们会产生大量的次生代谢物（SM），以服务于生理过程所必需的各种细胞功能，并且最近越来越多的证据表明它们的产生涉及应激和防御反应信号传导。植物产生的次级分子的类型和浓度由植物的物种、基因型、生理、发育阶段和生长过程中的环境因素决定。这表明不同植物分类群在应对应激和防御刺激时所采用的生理适应性反应。近几十年来，人们对研究影响植物体外和体内生长过程中次生代谢的非生物因素重新产生了兴趣。分子生物学工具和技术的应用有助于了解体内和体外生长期间亚细胞、细胞、器官和整个植物系统中 SM 产生所涉及的信号传导过程和途径，并应用于生物合成途径中间体的代谢工程。