Fatty acids have various physiological effects on melanoma. For example, palmitic acid (PA) increases melanin levels; linoleic acid and DHA decrease melanin levels; and DHA suppresses tumor growth. In this study, we focused on the relationship between the structure of fatty acids and their physiological effects in melanoma to examine the likely mechanisms of action. We showed that saturated fatty acids and PUFAs display opposing effects on melanin content in melanoma cells. Likewise, PA and EPA have opposing effects in terms of actin polymerization. Our findings suggest that PA and EPA change melanin content in melanoma to alter melanosome trafficking by modulating actin polymerization. Here, we also examined the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of DHA. We found that DHA interacts with receptor for activated C kinase 1 and represses melanoma cell proliferation by suppressing protein kinase C signaling. Our results suggest a new mechanism to explain the physiological effects of fatty acids.

中文翻译：

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脂肪酸对黑色素瘤细胞中黑色素生成和肿瘤细胞生长的影响。

脂肪酸对黑色素瘤具有多种生理作用。例如，棕榈酸 (PA) 会增加黑色素水平；亚油酸和 DHA 降低黑色素水平；DHA 抑制肿瘤生长。在这项研究中，我们重点关注脂肪酸结构与其在黑色素瘤中的生理作用之间的关系，以研究可能的作用机制。我们发现饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸对黑色素瘤细胞中的黑色素含量表现出相反的作用。同样，PA 和 EPA 在肌动蛋白聚合方面具有相反的作用。我们的研究结果表明，PA 和 EPA 通过调节肌动蛋白聚合来改变黑色素瘤中的黑色素含量，从而改变黑素体的运输。在这里，我们还研究了DHA抗肿瘤作用的机制。我们发现 DHA 与激活的 C 激酶 1 受体相互作用，并通过抑制蛋白激酶 C 信号传导来抑制黑色素瘤细胞增殖。我们的结果提出了一种解释脂肪酸生理效应的新机制。