Conservation across human-dominated landscapes requires an understanding of the social and ecological factors driving outcomes. Studies that link conservation outcomes to social and ecological factors have examined temporally static patterns. However, there may be different social and ecological processes driving increases and decreases in conservation outcomes that can only be revealed through temporal analyses. Through a case study of the invasion of Falcataria moluccana in Hawaii, we examined the association of social factors with increases and decreases in invader distributions over time and space. Over 7 years, rates of invader decrease varied substantially (66-100%) relative to social factors, such as building value, whether land was privately or publically owned, and primary residence by a homeowner, whereas rates of increase varied only slightly (<0.1-3.6%) relative to such factors. These findings suggest that links between social factors and invasion in the study system may be driven more by landowners controlling existing invasive species, rather than by landowners preventing the spread of invasive species. We suggest that spatially explicit, time-dependent analyses provide a more nuanced understanding of the way social factors influence conservation outcomes. Such an understanding can help managers develop outreach programs and policies targeted at different types of landowners in human-dominated landscapes. Article Impact Statement: Spatially explicit, time-dependent analysis reveals whether social-factor and conservation-outcome links are due to preservation or restoration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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使用空间明确的时间相关分析来了解社会因素如何影响保护结果

保护人类主导的景观需要了解推动结果的社会和生态因素。将保护结果与社会和生态因素联系起来的研究已经检验了时间上的静态模式。然而，可能有不同的社会和生态过程驱动保护结果的增加和减少，这些只能通过时间分析来揭示。通过对夏威夷 Falcataria moluccana 入侵的案例研究，我们研究了社会因素与入侵者分布随时间和空间的增加和减少之间的关联。7 年来，相对于社会因素，如建筑价值、土地是私有还是公有，以及房主的主要住宅，入侵者的减少率有很大差异 (66-100%)，而相对于这些因素，增长率仅略有变化（<0.1-3.6%）。这些发现表明，研究系统中社会因素与入侵之间的联系可能更多地是由控制现有入侵物种的土地所有者驱动的，而不是由阻止入侵物种传播的土地所有者驱动的。我们建议，空间明确、时间相关的分析可以更细致地理解社会因素影响保护结果的方式。这种理解可以帮助管理人员制定针对人类主导景观中不同类型土地所有者的外展计划和政策。文章影响声明：空间明确、时间相关的分析揭示了社会因素和保护结果的联系是由于保护还是恢复。本文受版权保护。版权所有。