The archaeological site of Cercadilla (Cordoba, Spain) includes a complete chronological sequence from the 3rd to 12th centuries. The most relevant monument is a Roman palace dated between the end of the 3rd century and the beginning of the 4th century AD. It is believed that it was the headquarters of the Emperor Maximiano Herculeo. A bathtub with mural paintings has been found in the thermal zone of the palace. Regarding the occupation of the archaeological site in the medieval period, it should be pointed out that two houses with mural paintings were found; these belong to the Caliphal era (10th-11th centuries). During the Caliphal era, the archaeological site was mostly occupied by one of the large suburbs surrounding the walled city. Cercadilla was gradually abandoned; this process starts at the beginning of the 11th century. This study is focused on the analysis of pigments and preparatory layers of red and white mural paintings of the Roman period in the bath zone and on the analysis of pigments in mural paintings in two houses of the Caliphal era. In the thermal zone, the walls have a white mural painting with vertical and horizontal red bands, while the walls in the two Caliphal houses present the red mural painting decorated with white stripes. Techniques such as Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy in combination with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), micro X-ray Diffraction (μ-XRD), Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF), and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) have been used to study the mural paintings of this archaeological site. The results allowed to determine the composition of the materials used and to understand the differences between the technologies employed in Roman and Caliphal remains studied.

中文翻译：

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Cercadilla 考古遗址的罗马和阿拉伯壁画的特征（西班牙科尔多瓦）

Cercadilla（西班牙科尔多瓦）考古遗址包括从 3 世纪到 12 世纪的完整年代顺序。最相关的纪念碑是一座建于公元 3 世纪末至 4 世纪初的罗马宫殿。据信，它是马克西米亚诺·赫库里奥皇帝的总部。在宫殿的热区发现了一个带有壁画的浴缸。关于中世纪时期考古遗址的占领，需要指出的是，发现了两间带有壁画的房屋；这些属于哈里发时代（10-11 世纪）。在哈里发时代，考古遗址主要由围墙城市周围的大郊区之一占据。Cercadilla 逐渐被遗弃；这个过程始于 11 世纪初。本研究重点分析罗马时期浴区红白壁画的颜料和预备层，以及哈里发时代两座房屋壁画中的颜料分析。在热区，墙壁上有纵横红带的白色壁画，而哈里发两座房屋的墙壁则是用白色条纹装饰的红色壁画。诸如光学显微镜 (OM)、扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散 X 射线微分析 (SEM-EDX)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、显微 X 射线衍射 (μ-XRD)、波长色散 X-射线荧光 (WD-XRF) 和傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR) 已被用于研究该考古遗址的壁画。