Freight transportation is essential to maintaining commerce and economies in the United States and globally. However, freight transportation is known to have significant environmental and public health impacts. Harmful emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, and black carbon increase the risk of global climate change. Emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter contribute to serious public health risks including increased incidences of premature death, and increased severity of respiratory and cardiovascular illness. As trade is increasingly globalized and economies expand, harmful air emissions from goods movement are projected to increase at faster rates than all other sources of transport-related emissions. While mandatory rules such as advanced vehicle emission and fuel quality standards reduce emissions from new vehicles, the vast legacy fleet of heavy duty diesel vehicles present a challenge for policy makers around the world. This paper examines how a voluntary policy model, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's SmartWay Transport Partnership, fosters behavior change, facilitates strategic interactions and enables more informed decision-making in the freight sector to improve performance and reduce emissions. The effectiveness of this innovative model has generated international interest and led to program replication in other countries.

中文翻译：

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对影响行为改变并影响货运部门相互作用和决策的自愿性政策模型的研究。

货运对于维持美国乃至全球的商业和经济至关重要。但是，众所周知，货运对环境和公共健康有重大影响。有害的二氧化碳，甲烷，氢氟碳化合物和黑碳的排放会增加全球气候变化的风险。氮氧化物和颗粒物的排放会造成严重的公共健康风险，包括过早死亡的发生率增加以及呼吸道和心血管疾病的严重性增加。随着贸易的日益全球化和经济的发展，与所有其他与运输相关的排放源相比，货物移动产生的有害空气排放预计将以更快的速度增长。尽管诸如先进的车辆排放和燃料质量标准之类的强制性法规减少了新车的排放，但庞大的旧重型柴油车车队却为全球决策者带来了挑战。本文研究了美国环境保护署的SmartWay运输合作伙伴关系这样的自愿性政策模型如何促进行为改变，促进战略互动以及使货运部门的决策更加明智，从而提高绩效并减少排放。这种创新模式的有效性引起了国际关注，并导致了其他国家的计划推广。环境保护署的SmartWay运输合作伙伴关系，促进了行为的改变，促进了战略互动，并使货运部门的决策更加明智，从而提高了绩效并减少了排放。这种创新模式的有效性引起了国际关注，并导致计划在其他国家推广。环境保护署的SmartWay运输合作伙伴关系，促进了行为的改变，促进了战略互动，并使货运部门的决策更加明智，从而提高了绩效并减少了排放。这种创新模式的有效性引起了国际关注，并导致程序在其他国家推广。