Enterococcus is a diverse and rugged genus colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of humans and numerous hosts across the animal kingdom. Enterococci are also a leading cause of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. In each of these settings, enterococci must contend with changing biophysical landscapes and innate immune responses in order to successfully colonize and transit between hosts. Therefore, it appears that the intrinsic durability that evolved to make enterococci optimally competitive in the host gastrointestinal tract also ideally positioned them to persist in hospitals, despite disinfection protocols, and acquire new antibiotic resistances from other microbes. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and regulation employed by enterococci to tolerate diverse stressors and highlight the role of stress tolerance in the biology of this medically relevant genus.

中文翻译：

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适应逆境：肠球菌的压力耐受性和发病机理的混合。

肠球菌是一种多样化且坚固的属，遍布人类的胃肠道以及整个动物界的众多宿主。肠球菌也是医院获得多重耐药性感染的主要原因。在每种情况下，肠球菌都必须应对不断变化的生物物理格局和先天性免疫反应，才能成功在宿主之间定居和迁移。因此，看来使肠道球菌在宿主胃肠道中具有最佳竞争能力的内在耐用性也使它们理想地定位在医院中，尽管有消毒规程并能从其他微生物获得新的抗药性。这里，