The gut microbiome is critical in providing resistance against colonization by exogenous microorganisms. The mechanisms via which the gut microbiota provide colonization resistance (CR) have not been fully elucidated, but they include secretion of antimicrobial products, nutrient competition, support of gut barrier integrity, and bacteriophage deployment. However, bacterial enteric infections are an important cause of disease globally, indicating that microbiota-mediated CR can be disturbed and become ineffective. Changes in microbiota composition, and potential subsequent disruption of CR, can be caused by various drugs, such as antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, antidiabetics, and antipsychotics, thereby providing opportunities for exogenous pathogens to colonize the gut and ultimately cause infection. In addition, the most prevalent bacterial enteropathogens, including Clostridioides difficile, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes, can employ a wide array of mechanisms to overcome colonization resistance. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on how the gut microbiota can mediate colonization resistance against bacterial enteric infection and on how bacterial enteropathogens can overcome this resistance.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物群和对细菌性肠道感染的定植抵抗力。


肠道微生物组对于抵抗外源微生物定植至关重要。肠道微生物群提供定植抗性（CR）的机制尚未完全阐明，但它们包括抗菌产物的分泌、营养竞争、肠道屏障完整性的支持和噬菌体的部署。然而，细菌肠道感染是全球疾病的一个重要原因，这表明微生物介导的 CR 可能会受到干扰并变得无效。抗生素、质子泵抑制剂、抗糖尿病药和抗精神病药等多种药物可能会引起微生物群组成的变化以及随后潜在的 CR 破坏，从而为外源性病原体在肠道定殖并最终引起感染提供了机会。此外，最常见的细菌性肠道病原体，包括艰难梭菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌、福氏志贺菌、空肠弯曲菌、霍乱弧菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌，可以采用多种机制来克服定植耐药性。本综述旨在总结关于肠道微生物群如何介导细菌肠道感染的定植抵抗力以及细菌肠道病原体如何克服这种抵抗力的现有知识。