Abstract Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased smoking prevalence and impairments in executive function, which may negatively affect the validity of self-reported smoking rates. This study compares the utility of self-reported smoking with salivary cotinine in adult smokers and nonsmokers with and without ADHD. Methods: Participants (N = 82) were adult smokers and nonsmokers with and without ADHD (n = 35 ADHD and n = 47 controls) from an observational study. Odds ratios (ORs) for accuracy of self-reported smoking compared to salivary cotinine were calculated using diagnosis (ADHD vs. control), gender, age, education, employment, and number of cigarettes per day as predictors. Post-hoc analysis stratified sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of self-reported smoking in individuals with ADHD and without ADHD. Results: The initial analysis identified education as a significant independent predictor of odds of accuracy, OR = 6.22, p = .013, after adjusting for diagnosis, gender, age, employment, and cigarettes per day. Post-hoc analysis revealed that sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of self-reported smoking was 100% for individuals with ADHD who had more than high school education compared to those with high school or less, which was 83.3%, 45.5%, and 65.2%, respectively. Self-reported smoking of control participants with greater than a high school education had a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 91.7%, and an accuracy of 88.5%. Control participants with a high school or lower education had a sensitivity of 54.6%, a specificity of 90%, and an accuracy of 71.4% for their self-reported smoking. Conclusions: Individuals with ADHD and high school or lower education showed the lowest specificity and accuracy in their self-reported smoking, which may affect documented smoking prevalence rates. This is a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a clinical trial registered as NCT00915798 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.

中文翻译：

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患有和未患有 ADHD 的成年人自我报告吸烟情况的有效性差异

摘要 目的：注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）与吸烟率增加和执行功能受损有关，这可能会对自我报告吸烟率的有效性产生负面影响。本研究比较了在患有和不患有 ADHD 的成年吸烟者和非吸烟者中，自我报告的吸烟与唾液可替宁的效用。方法：参与者（N = 82）是来自一项观察性研究的成年吸烟者和非吸烟者，患有和不患有 ADHD（n = 35 ADHD 和 n = 47 对照）。使用诊断（ADHD 与对照组）、性别、年龄、教育、就业和每天吸烟数量作为预测因素计算自我报告吸烟与唾液可替宁相比准确性的优势比 (OR)。事后分析分层敏感性、特异性、多动症和非多动症患者自我报告吸烟的准确性和准确性。结果：在调整诊断、性别、年龄、就业和每天吸烟量后，初步分析确定教育是准确率的重要独立预测因素，OR = 6.22，p = .013。事后分析显示，与高中或以下学历的多动症患者相比，高中以上文化程度的多动症患者自我报告吸烟的敏感性、特异性和准确性为 100%，分别为 83.3%、45.5% 和 65.2 ％， 分别。高中以上学历的对照参与者自报吸烟的敏感性为 85.7%，特异性为 91.7%，准确率为 88.5%。高中或以下学历的对照组参与者的敏感性为 54.6%，特异性为 90%，准确率为 71。4% 为他们自我报告的吸烟。结论：患有 ADHD 和高中或以下教育的个体在他们自我报告的吸烟方面表现出最低的特异性和准确性，这可能会影响记录的吸烟流行率。这是对作为在 www.clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT00915798 的临床试验的一部分收集的数据的二次分析。