The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the gender differences in hypertension awareness, antihypertensive use and blood pressure (BP) control among the adult Nepalese population (≥18 years) using data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A weighted sample of 13,393 adults (5620 males and 7773 females) was included in the final analysis. After conducting descriptive analyses with the selective explanatory variable, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variables. The strength of the association was expressed in adjusted odds with 95% confidence intervals. A higher proportion of women had their BP checked (87.7% females vs 73.0% males, p<0.001) and were aware of their raised BP (43.9% females vs 37.1% males, p<0.001) compared with men. Although female hypertensive individuals had a higher prevalence of antihypertensive medication use than their male counterparts (50.1% females vs 47.5% males), a higher proportion of male hypertensive participants had their BP controlled (49.2% females vs 53.5% males). Women with the poorest wealth index had a lower prevalence of antihypertensive use than their male counterparts. The odds of having their own BP measured increased with age among men but decreased with age among women. The household wealth index was positively associated with the odds of BP measurement, awareness of own BP and antihypertensive use. This study revealed that although women had a higher prevalence of hypertension awareness and antihypertensive medication use, the practice did not translate into better BP control. Inequality in antihypertensive medication use was observed among the poorest wealth quintiles. Public health programmes in Nepal should focus on reducing these inequalities. Further research is needed to learn why females have poorer control of BP, despite having higher antihypertensive medication use.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔成年人高血压意识、抗高血压药物使用和血压控制的性别差异：来自全国性横断面调查的结果

这项横断面研究的目的是利用 2016 年具有全国代表性的尼泊尔人口与健康调查的数据，确定尼泊尔成年人（≥18 岁）在高血压意识、抗高血压药物使用和血压 (BP) 控制方面的性别差异。最终分析包括 13,393 名成年人（5620 名男性和 7773 名女性）的加权样本。在使用选择性解释变量进行描述性分析后，进行多变量逻辑回归分析以评估结果变量与解释变量之间的关联。关联的强度以 95% 置信区间的调整比值表示。更高比例的女性接受了血压检查（87.7% 的女性对 73.0% 的男性，p<0.001) 并且知道他们的血压升高（43.9% 的女性对 37.1% 的男性，p<0.001) 与男性相比。尽管女性高血压患者的抗高血压药物使用率高于男性（女性 50.1% 对男性 47.5%），但男性高血压患者的血压得到控制的比例更高（女性 49.2% 对男性 53.5%）。财富指数最差的女性抗高血压药物使用率低于男性。测量自己的血压的几率在男性中随着年龄的增长而增加，但在女性中随着年龄的增长而下降。家庭财富指数与血压测量的几率、对自身血压的认识和抗高血压药物的使用呈正相关。这项研究表明，尽管女性的高血压意识和抗高血压药物使用率较高，但这种做法并没有转化为更好的血压控制。在最贫穷的五分之一财富人群中观察到抗高血压药物使用的不平等。尼泊尔的公共卫生计划应侧重于减少这些不平等。需要进一步的研究来了解为什么女性尽管使用较多的抗高血压药物，但对血压的控制较差。