ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the source of the orthographic texture effect during familiar word spelling. Orthographic texture refers to the differential strength that individual letters in a word may be activated for output. Prior work indicates that strongly activated letters are more accurately produced than weakly activated ones (Jones, Folk, & Rapp, 2009, All Letters are not Equal: Sub-Graphemic Texture in Orthographic Working Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 1389–1402. DOI: 10.1037/a0017042). According to an orthographic lexical strength account, differences in activation of individual letters within words are the result of learning; more easily learned letters are more strongly represented and, thus, activated for output. However, an online-competition hypothesis indicates that the contribution of sublexical assembly processes during familiar word spelling may account for the effect. Current results support the orthographic lexical strength account; the lexical orthographic representations used for spelling are themselves textured.

中文翻译：

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拼写过程中的正交纹理效果是由于表示强度的变化

摘要 在这项研究中，我们调查了在熟悉的单词拼写过程中正字法纹理效果的来源。正交纹理是指单词中的单个字母可以被激活以进行输出的差异强度。先前的工作表明，强激活的字母比弱激活的字母更准确（Jones、Folk 和 Rapp，2009 年，所有字母不相等：正字法工作记忆中的亚字形纹理。实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆和认知，35，1389–1402。DOI：10.1037/a0017042）。根据正字法词汇强度的说法，单词中单个字母激活的差异是学习的结果；更容易学习的字母被更强烈地表示，因此被激活以进行输出。然而，在线竞争假设表明，在熟悉的单词拼写过程中，亚词汇组装过程的贡献可能是造成这种影响的原因。目前的结果支持正字法词汇强度帐户；用于拼写的词汇正字法表示本身是有纹理的。