Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by various micro- and macrostructural neuropathological changes which can be identified in the light microscope examination. The most common pathophenotype of TBI visualized in postmortem neuropathological assessment includes neuron injury with involvement of all of its structural regions followed by its progressive degeneration defined as traumatic axonal injury (TAI). This is directly related with disruption of the axolemmal cytoskeletal network architecture resulting in breakdown, dissolution and accumulation of a number of neuronal proteins. Regarding the availability and progress in the development of specific antibodies against neuronal proteins, their usage is restricted due to low specificity for injured axons in the pathomechanism of TBI followed by TAI. Taking this into account with relation to expanding the role of axonal cytoskeleton and its based biomarkers we have presented a study documenting neuropathological features concerning the expression of dynein (DNAH9), dynactin (DCTN1) and kinesin (KIF5B) in the brain specimens obtained during forensic autopsies from TBI victims. The study was carried out using cases (n = 21) of severe head injury suspected to be the cause of death and control cases (n = 17) of sudden death in the mechanism of cardiopulmonary failure along with a positive control case which died after suicidal gunshot injury. In our study, we documented that DNAH9, DCTN1, and KIF5B staining should be considered as a supplemental diagnostic tool for TBI in postmortem neuropathological examination and forensic autopsy. This additional motor protein immunohistochemical staining procedure could be useful in the evaluation of lesions that may remain undiagnosed during a routine examination and aid in more accurate identification of TBI followed by TAI.

中文翻译：

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达因，动力蛋白和驱动蛋白在脑组织中的免疫定位可能是验尸检查中颅脑外伤的可能补充诊断工具。

外伤性脑损伤（TBI）的特征是各种微观和宏观神经病理改变，可以在光学显微镜检查中确定。死后神经病理学评估中可见的TBI最常见的病理表型包括神经元损伤及其所有结构区域的参与，然后是进行性变性，即创伤性轴突损伤（TAI）。这与破坏轴突细胞骨架网络结构直接相关，导致许多神经元蛋白的分解，溶解和积累。关于针对神经元蛋白的特异性抗体的开发的可获得性和进展，由于在TBI继发于TAI的致病机制中对受损轴突的特异性低，因此限制了它们的使用。考虑到与扩大轴突细胞骨架及其基础生物标志物的作用有关的考虑，我们进行了一项研究，该研究记录了法医期间在脑标本中有关动力蛋白（DNAH9），动力蛋白（DCTN1）和驱动蛋白（KIF5B）表达的神经病理学特征TBI受害者的尸检。这项研究是使用怀疑是重度颅脑损伤的病例（n = 21）和心肺衰竭机制中猝死的对照病例（n = 17）以及自杀后死亡的阳性对照病例进行的。枪伤。在我们的研究中，我们记录了DNAH9，DCTN1和KIF5B染色应被视为死后神经病理学检查和法医尸检中TBI的补充诊断工具。