Background: According to the World Health Organization, more than 150 million people are diabetic, and this number will increase twofold by the year 2025. Diabetes-related complications affect all body organ systems, including the penis. Diabetes-induced Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is caused by neuropathy of the penile nerves and vasculopathy involving the smooth muscle and endothelium of the corpus cavernosum.

Objective: This study aims to present an overview of Stem Cell (SC) research in diabetic animal models of ED, focusing on the function, signaling, and niches that have a prominent role in the regeneration of cavernosal cells and penile tissues. We highlight common erectile pathologies caused by diabetes and review relevant preclinical trials. We also discuss paracrine mechanisms of various SC therapies involved in the repair of endothelial cells and cavernous nerves in these diabetic models.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed, with dates ranging from inception until Mar 31, 2019.

Results: This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the various strategies that have been investigated for improving SC delivery methods, through preclinical literature and published clinical trials regarding ED in men with diabetes. Various cell-type applications have benefited erectile function in diabetic models of ED.

Conclusion: This review examines the progress and remaining challenges in diabetes-related SC research regarding ED. Moving forward, it is only with a combined effort of basic biology and translational work that the potential of SC-based therapies in diabetes in ED can be realized.

背景：根据世界卫生组织的资料，超过1.5亿的糖尿病患者，到2025年，这个数字将增加两倍。糖尿病相关的并发症会影响包括阴茎在内的所有人体器官系统。糖尿病引起的勃起功能障碍（ED）是由阴茎神经的神经病变和涉及海绵体平滑肌和内皮的血管病变引起的。

目的：本研究旨在概述ED糖尿病动物模型中的干细胞（SC）研究，重点是在海绵体细胞和阴茎组织再生中起重要作用的功能，信号传导和壁ni。我们重点介绍了由糖尿病引起的常见勃起病理，并回顾了相关的临床前试验。我们还讨论了在这些糖尿病模型中涉及内皮细胞和海绵状神经修复的各种SC治疗的旁分泌机制。

方法：进行PubMed搜索，日期范围从开始到2019年3月31日。

结果：本综述通过临床前文献和已发表的有关糖尿病男性ED的临床试验，对旨在改善SC递送方法的各种策略进行了全面评估。在ED的糖尿病模型中，各种细胞类型的应用有益于勃起功能。

结论：本综述探讨了与ED相关的糖尿病相关SC研究的进展和仍然存在的挑战。展望未来，只有通过基础生物学和转化工作的共同努力，才能实现基于SC的疗法在ED糖尿病中的潜力。