According to Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI), nearly 50 million people worldwide were living with dementia in 2017, and this number is expected to triple by 2050. Despite years of research in this field, the root cause and mechanisms responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been fully elucidated yet. Moreover, promising preclinical results have repeatedly failed to translate into patient treatments. Until now, none of the molecules targeting AD has successfully passed the Phase III trial. Although natural molecules have been extensively studied, they normally require high concentrations to be effective; alternately, they are too large to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review, we report AD treatment strategies, with a virtually exclusive focus on green chemistry (natural phenolic molecules). These include therapeutic strategies for decreasing amyloid-β (Aβ) production, preventing and/or altering Aβ aggregation, and reducing oligomers cytotoxicity such as curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), morin, resveratrol, tannic acid, and other natural green molecules. We also examine whether consideration should be given to potential candidates used outside of medicine and nutrition, through a discussion of two intermediate-sized green molecules, with very similar molecular structures and key properties, which exhibit potential in mitigating Alzheimer's disease.

中文翻译：

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用天然多酚减轻阿尔茨海默氏病：综述。

根据阿尔茨海默氏病国际组织（ADI）的数据，2017年全世界痴呆症患者约有5,000万人，预计这一数字到2050年将增至三倍。 ）尚未完全阐明。此外，有希望的临床前结果屡屡未能转化为患者的治疗方法。到目前为止，还没有靶向AD的分子成功通过III期临床试验。尽管对天然分子进行了广泛的研究，但它们通常需要高浓度才能有效。或者，它们太大而无法穿过血脑屏障（BBB）。在这篇综述中，我们报告了AD治疗策略，实际上只关注绿色化学（天然酚类分子）。这些措施包括用于减少淀粉样β（Aβ）产生，预防和/或改变Aβ聚集以及减少寡聚体细胞毒性的治疗策略，例如姜黄素，（-）-表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG），香豆素，白藜芦醇，单宁酸，和其他天然绿色分子。我们还讨论了两个中等大小的绿色分子，它们具有非常相似的分子结构和关键特性，在缓解阿尔茨海默氏病方面具有潜力，因此我们探讨了是否应考虑在药物和营养学之外使用的潜在候选药物。