Over the last 10–15 years, a new field of “biogeotechnics” has emerged as geotechnical engineers seek to find ground improvement technologies which have the potential to be lower carbon, more ecologically friendly, and more cost-effective than existing practices. This review summarizes the developments which have occurred in this new field, outlining in particular the microbial processes which have been shown to be most promising for altering the hydraulic and mechanical responses of soils and rocks. Much of the research effort in this new field has been focused on microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) via ureolysis, while a comprehensive review of MICP is presented here, the developments which have been made regarding other microbial processes, including MICP via denitrification and biogenic gas generation are also presented. Furthermore, this review outlines a new area of study: the potential deployment of fungi in geotechnical applications which has until now been unexplored.

在过去的10到15年中，随着岩土工程师寻求寻找地面改良技术的可能性，新的“生物岩土技术”领域应运而生，与现有实践相比，该技术具有更低的碳排放，更生态友好和更具成本效益的潜力。这篇综述总结了在这个新领域中发生的发展，特别是概述了微生物过程，这些过程对于改变土壤和岩石的水力和机械响应是最有希望的。在这个新领域中，许多研究工作都集中在通过尿素分解引起的微生物诱导的碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）上，同时这里对MICP进行了全面的综述，涉及其他微生物过程的发展，包括通过反硝化和生物成因的MICP。还介绍了气体的产生。